Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2008 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/britishcolumbiam01vancuoft ^ & ^~] WESTWARD nO! rl T^c BilTlSn n o £1 « ART LITER/ITU RE CKlTlCISn FUPLICITT JULY 1907 PRICE TEN CENTS CRC BLOCK'S, '.EAffED/ And ■ QULTIVATEO Af/flES-mOAf- l/AA'&0C//£/?-3. Q. r^. 'M/i.mD}ir^pfi-^eeoAfODArfo/vs-^- Mr//mip^i5o;^io$^oo.^Mere. ^'3ALANC£^ 12,3,8.4- Ymi,^6% % iAAHON /AcE^RLAND &MAHON <^0R Pm/)f/f AND SEYMOUff §rs. VANCOUVER 5.C. irof/ffffr M P^^'fi-c . TDdlestwart) 1Do! ^a9a5ine Table of Contents JULY, 1907 Page Editorial i Suggestion (Verse), Clive Phillips-Wolley 4 Strange Scenes in a Naturalist's Wide Workshop (Study) Bonnycastle Dale 5 Models I Have Known, i. Bibi La Puree (Sketch) Mrs. Beanlands . . . . 13 The Hat and the Singing Girl (Story), J. Gordon Smith 14 Life and Love .(Verse), R. B. W 17 Men I Have Met (Sketch), Marion Crawford. W. Blakemore 18 The Man Decides (Story), M. Langton 20 At The Shack (Humour), Percy Flage 23 Builders of the West (Personal Sketch) 27 A Man Trap (Story), from the Russian of Leo Dorophavitch, Clive Phillips-Wolley 28 The Challenge of the Mountains (Descriptive), C. J. Lee Warner 31 Starting in Life (Essay), Amicus 34 The Labour Unions in Relation to Mining, G. Sheldon Williams.... 36 Helps to Smile . . .^ 41 \A/E:ST\A/ARD HO! MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY Hbe Mcstwar^ Ibo ! publiebtna Company eae HASTINGS ST., VANCOUVER, B. C. Subscription 10 Cents Per Copy; $1.00 a Year; in United States and Great Britain $1-50. WILLIAM BLAKEMORE, PERCY F. GODEIM RATH, Editor-in-Chief. B\iBinefs Manager IN THIS DEPARTMENT OP CLASSIPIED ADVERTISING YOU CAN OB- TAIN PUBLICITY POR LITTLE COST. THE RATES ARE ONLY 25 CENTS PER LINE PER INSERTION; SMALLEST SPACE ACCEPTED, POUR LINES; LARGEST SPACE POR ONE ADVERTISEMENT, TWELVE LINES. CASH MUST ACCOMPANY ALL ORDERS. FORMS CLOSE lOTH OP EACH MONTH. ADDRESS lOANAGER, CLASSIPIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT, WEST- WARD HO!, 536 HASTINGS STREET, VANCOUVER, B. C. ASSAYER'S SUPPLIES. Impoi-ters and dealers in Assay Supplies. B. C. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., Pender St., Vancouver, B. C. The Ltd., OPPICE FIXTURES BUILT. We manufacture Store, Office. Bank, Church, Barber Shop and Hotel Bar Fixtures and Furniture. The V. B. C. Novelty Works, 1002 Granville St., Vancouver, B. C. MINING STOCKS. Write for our weekly market report of British Columbia Mining Stocks. B. B. Mighton & Co., Brokers, Nelson, B. C. Mining Stocks bought and sold on commission. List your B. C. shares with me. H. J. Thorne, Stock Broker, :i5 Davis Chambers, Vancouver. FURRIERS. Now's the time, have your furs renovated; tanning and mounting; furs stored, moth proof, prices right. San Francisco Fur Co., itl9 Granville St., Vancouver. HARNESS TOOLS. For Sale — Complete Sett of Harness Tools. Best American (Osborne) make, and nearly new. Applx- P. O. Box 1243, Vancouver. GASOLINE MARINE ENGINES. For Sfile — 40 ft. full cabin length, 25 h.p. 4-cycle engine, electric lights, .stove and sleeping accommodations. Pric .$2,800.00. A. W. I^e Page, 067 Granville St., Vancouver, B. C. For Sale — 25. feet x C feet launch; 5 H. P. Palmer Engine, 4-cycle. Canopy top. search light, side curtains, glass front, and in per- fect running order. A bargain, $650.00. A. W. T>e Pago, 667 Granville St., Vancouver, B. C. KODAKS. I carry the laigest stock of Kodaks and Photograpliic Supplies in British Columbia. Write for Catalogue. Will Marsden, The Kodak Specialist. Vancouver, B. C. FARM LANDS. We have a select list of Fruit and Farm Lands in the New Westminster District, ranging in price from $10.00 per acre up. Mahon, McFarland & Mahon, Ltd., Invest- ment Brokers, Vancouver. Victoria Fruit and Farm Lands. Write for "Home List" and information. R. S. Day, 4 4 Fort St., Victoria, B. C. Kootenay Lake Fruit Lands. We have large and small tracts of good land at prices within reach. H. E. Croasdaile & Co., Nel- son, B. C. Ten-acre Farms on main line of C. P. R. and Eraser River, 20 miles east of Vancouver; richest bottom land, largely natural mea- dow, ready to cultivate. Delightful situa- tion; most attractive place of residence; convenient to best market on the continent. Prices, $800 and $1,000, on easy terms. Write immediately for map and particulars. Montana Brokerage Co.. 336 Cambie St., Vancouver, B. C. Kettle Valley 10-acre Fruit Farms have the soil, water and climate to grow fruit at a profit. Write today for particulars. A. Erskine, Smith & Co., Grand Forks, B. C. We are specialists in Ariow Lake Fruit and Farm I.,ands. Kincaid & Anderson, Real Estate Brokers. Revelstoke, B. C. Orchard Tracts in the Nanaimo District, from $170 per acre. Easy terms. A. E. Planta, Ltd.. Nanaimo, B. C. For Sale — l.,ocators' rights to a well located quarter-section (160 acres) on Porcher Island, in close proximity to Prince Rupert, the Pacific Terminus of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Stanley Boys, Suite 3 Old Safe Block. Vancouver, B. C. TZniBEB NOTICES ADVERTISED. Timber Cruisers, Land Locators and Mill Companies will save time, worry and ex- pense by having us place your legal adver- tisements. P. P. Goodenrath & Co., Suite 3. Old Safe Block, Vancouver, B. C. TIMBER I^AND -WANTED. I have capital to purchase timber. If needed will advance money to cruisers to pay for advertising or licenses. E. R. Chandler, Suite 1 and 2, Jones Building, Vancouver, B. C. MODEI.S OT INVENTIONS. Patentees can have their models of inventions designed, built or perfected by us. Van- couver Model Machine and Cycle Works, !t80 Granville St., Vancouver, B. C. MAGAZINE CANVASSERS. The Westward Ho! Magazine offers an excep- tional opportunity for students to profitably employ their vacation time in soliciting for subscribers. For particulars address: Sub- scription Manager, this Magazine. Ladies who have spare time can utilize it by obtaining subscribers to the Westward Ho! Magazine. Light employment; good pay. Address: Subscription Manager, thisMaga- zine. REAIi ESTATE. Victoria Realty offers a judicious investment. We have some particularly fine residence sites on the sea front; acreage on the out- skirts and good inside business property. The Pacific Coast Realty Co., Victoria, B. C. Vancouver Rural and Urban Realty will pay investigation. Our lists are at your disposal by writing. York & Mitchell, Real Estate Brokers, Hastings St. W., Vancouver. Kamloops, The Inland Capital of British Col- umbia, is advancing rapidly. Write me for descriptive folder as also particulars of "Sunnyside." J. T. Robinson, Kamloops, B.C. AUCTIONEERS. We conduct auctions of Household Goods, Real Estate and Live Stock anywhere in the Province. Kingsford, Smith & Co., 860 Gran- ville St., Vancouver, B. C. CAMP OUTFITS. New Eider-down Sleeping Comforter, 8x8, equal to two pairs of blankets. P. O. Box 1243, Vancouver, B. C. TIMBER IiIMITS IiOCATED. Can supply Al Cruisers, knowing available timber areas. Vancouver. Joe. Dubois, 533 Burrard St., ANNOUNCEMENT. The August issue of WESTWARD HO! will contain a special illustrated article on the International Yacht Regatta by Mr. F. G. T. Lucas. Mr. Maxwell Smith, Dominion Fruit Inspector, will contribute a story on " Fruit Growing and the Fruit Districts of B. C." There will be an article of special interest at this time on "The Alaska-Pacific-Yukon Exposition," by Mr. Frank Merrick, Chief of the Publicity Department. Mr. Freeman Harding, whose " Bunch Grass" stories breathe the spirit of the plains, will also contribute. These are in addition to the regular departments of the Magazine, which next month will contain the first of a series on " Community Advertising." PRIZE STORIES. A prize of $20.00 will be given for the best original short story not exceeding 2,000 words, and a prize of $10.00 for the second best. Competing manuscripts to reach the Editor's office not later than July 15th. AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHERS. Three prizes of $10.00, $7.50 and $5.00 will be given for original Amateur Photographs, in order of merit, to be taken and developed by the competitor alone specially for this contest, and to reach the ofl&ce not later than July loth. All competing photographs accepted to become the property of the Magazine. Vacation Time Is Coming HERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY for bright boys and girls to obtain useful articles during holiday time. The WESTWARD HO! Magazine will give a prize of a Gold Mounted Fountain Pen, complete with King Klip, value $2.50, to the boy or girl or any other person sending in six annual subscriptions at $1.00 each. We will also give 14k Gold Cuff Links, or a 14k Scarf Pin, or a Fine Enamel Flower Crescent Brooch, with Two Whole Pearls, or any other article to the value of $5.00 to the person sending in twelve subscriptions. AND to the person sending in twenty subscriptions we will give a very beautiful WALTHAM WATCH in a Sterling Silver Case, value $8.00. The above articles are not cheap trash jewellery, but first-class articles chosen from the catalogue of Henry Birks & Sons, Ltd., Jewellers, Vancouver. But the sender of such subscriptions may choose any other article to the value mentioned from the same catalogue, which will be sent by the firm on application. MONEY ORDERS, CHEQUES, ETC., SHOULD BE SENT TO PERCY F. QODENRATH Business Manager The Westward Ho! Magazine. 536 HASTINGS STREET, VANCOUVER. Bibi la Puree. Vol. L JULY, 1907 No. I Westward Ho ! is started Salaam. for the following reasons : Western Canada does not possess a monthly magazine. It is the conviction of the promoters that in any community the cultivation of a taste for literature, art and all studies which tend to the production of a higher standard of thought should proceed pari passu with material development. British Columbia is exceptionally situated in having a large percentage of highly educated residents, who have evinced their appreciation of good literature. The columns of a magazine furnish the best, if not the only popular medium, for reaching the general public with high class literature. There is room for a magazine which combines with these features an abso- lutely independent attitude on all public questions and which is entirely free from political tinge. There is also room for a magazine which will make a special feature of exploiting the natural re- sources and attractions of the Province, solely in the public interest and for the purpose of giving reliable information. British Columbia has reached a crisis in its history, its vast potential wealth is only beginning to be realized, it is the last of the great undeveloped and un- partitioned Provinces of the world. It will be confronted with problems of great magnitude, to the solution of which the soundest judgment must be brought. Westward Ho! will secure the opin- ion of the most competent and influential writers who from time to time will dis- cuss these problems. Westward Ho ! will be the joint pro- duction of a British Columbian editor, manager and staff of contributors, and therefore devoted to British Columbia interests. Westward Ho ! will stand first, last and all the time for an Imperial policy, for the Motherland, for the flag and for the King. Canada's Seaport. An enthusiastic Westerner writing on the City of Vancouver in a recent magazine article spoke of it as " The Seaport of Canada," and al- though at first sight one might feel in- clined to think that he ha(f been carried away by his enthusiasm, on second thoughts it may well be concluded that he spoke more truly than he knew. To- day Vancouver may not be able to boast of a population exceeding 75,000 as com- pared with 400,000 in Montreal and 300,000 in Toronto, but who can say how the growth of the Western port may compare with its Eastern rivals during the next twenty years? It re- quires no stretch of the imagination to conceive that when the first quarter of the twentieth century shall have elapsed, Vancouver, the Commercial Capital of the richest Province of Canada, may have outstripped all Eastern ports, both in population and in industrial expan- sion. The growth of the West is the WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE. one dominant feature of Canadian devel- opment. The wheat lands of the prairi« have laid the foundation for the indus- trial activity which is rapidly converting the Dominion into a great manufacturing country. The forests, mines and fisheries of British Columbia, sources of poten- tial wealth, of which the prairie pro- vinces are devoid, have started this Province on a career of commercial prosperity, which, in the opinion of the most competent judges, will outstrip anything hitherto experienced in the Western world. But apart from the natural resources within its own borders the future of British Columbia is largely bound up with the civilisation of the Orient, and by so much as the population and ultimately the demands of these slowly awakening peoples will exceed those of Europe, so will the possibilities of the development of Canada's great Western port, transcend the opportuni- ties of the East. It is difificult to ap- praise the extent, the influence and the full significance of a movement in which the observer is a unit. His own personal interests engross him and distract his attention from the far-reaching influence of passing events, but the keen observers of older countries, where conditions are settled and pioneer zeal extinguished, looking out from their vantage points of security and ease upon the New World pronounce Canada the coming country and British Columbia its greatest Pro- vince. If they are right Vancouver will become "' The Seaport of Canada." Prince Fushimi, cousin of The AU-Red H. I. H. The Mikado, and Line. a possible successor of his illustrious master has com- pleted a tour along the "All-Red Line," which marks the territory over which King Edward rules. As Westward Ho! goes to press the Monmouth has just lifted anchor and sailed for the Orient with the Prince and his staff on board. The visit is one of prime significance. It is the outward and visible sign of the amity which was established between England and Japan when Lord Salis- bury concluded an alliance which by many of the quidnuncs vvas pronounced a mesalliance. It has taken but few years to justify his policy, and his con- ception both of the Japanese character and of the importance of a Japanese alliance. Little did he, or the world think at that time that events would move so rapidly, and yet within the short period of six years we have seen Japan emerge from obscurity, demolish the fleet and put to flight the armies of one of the greatest world powers, and at a bound assume a position of equality in International Councils. The alliance was effected in order to preserve peace in the Pacific ; today it stands for the preesrva- tion of the peace of the world. No greater honour could have been shown to any princely visitor than has been ex- tended to Prince Fushimi, both in Eng- land and throughout the King's domin- ions ; and the request preferred by the Imperial authorities that loyal subjects everywhere would vmite in these greet- ings carries a special significance in view of circumstances which have recently oc- curred in the great Republic to the South. The historic question, " What shall be done with the man whom the king de- lighteth to honour," recurs vividly to the mind. The answer is to be found in the round of cheers which punctuated the Prince's progress over the All-Red Line, and which in the most emphatic manner sets the seal of equality upon England's ally. A Sign of The Times No measure of recent years has aroused more interest, and in certain quarters more hostility, than that which, fathered by the Postmaster- General aims at extending the British preference to literature. It is not a little singular that amongst its bitterest critics have been found Canadian publishers who, like Demetrius of old, have cried out for no other reason than because "their gains were gone." Mr. Lemieux took a broad and statesmanlike view of the situation and undoubtedly gave effect to the wishes of the people, when he raised the postage rates high enough to exclude all but the highest class Ameri- can magazines and newspapers. Every- one knows what the American press is, and although it is improving, there is still much ground for complaint on the part of the people who like a clean sheet. The abortive productions of vulgarity, illiter- EDITORIAL. acy and pruriency, which under the designation of magazines have been flooding Canada can no longer exert their pernicious influence north of the International Boundary Line, and it is not too much to hope that a similar fate will befall the daily papers, subversive of every instinct of morality in human conduct, which have already been tol- erated far too long. There is another hardly less important aspect of this ques- tion, and one which probably had more weight with our own Government, than any other, the manner in which, almost without exception, the American press tradvices the character, mis-reports the conduct and mis-represents the opinions of every Englishman, especially if he be a man of note. Our American friends must often have smiled at the docility with which we have submitted to this invasion ; they would long ago have taken a similar course to that now adopted by the Canadian Government, if the conditions had been reversed, and there is little doubt that when they realise the true reasons for the legisla- tion they will appreciate the spirit which prompted it, and in their heart of hearts will admire a people who are as deter- mined as themselves to be loyal, even in their literature. The resignation of Lord Dropping Cromer from the practical The Pilot. protectorate of Egypt can hardly fail to recall Ten- niel's historic cartoon, which depicted the "diplomatic" resignation of Prince Bis- marck under the title of "Dropping the Pilot." The Imperial Government has. to say the least of it, been exceedingly unfortunate in losing the services of two such brilliant men as Lord Cromer and Lord Milner. They were our two really great Pro-consuls. The reputation of the former is based upon a long period of service, and it has become a mere truism that he has re-created the land of the Pharoahs. Lord Milner's career, though briefer is hardly less splendid. Probably no other man, except his great master and mentor, could have taken hold of South African affairs at the conclu- sion of the Boer War, and in so short a time have disentangled every knotty skein, produced order out of chaos, loy- alty out of rebellion and established con- stitutional government among a people who had barely sheathed their swords. The recent attendance of General Botha at the Colonial Conference and the atti- tude he assumed towards the Imperial Government is the most conclusive com- ment upon the sagacity and efifectiveness of Lord Milner's policy. No adequate successor follows either of these states- men, and it will require all the genius and devotion of Sir Edward Grey to maintain the administration in the North and South of the Dark Continent upon the high place to which it had attained. Already public opinion is veering in the direction of Lord Alilner's attitude on the subject which led to his resignation, the labour ouestion. Just why Lord Cromer resigned is probably still a State secret, although there can be little doubt from evidences which have leaked out that it was in consequence of actual or impending friction with the Home Gov- ernment. It is not to take a political view of the situation, to surmise that a Government which drops two such ])ilots is heading for the rocks. Sour G-rapes It is an admitted scientific fact that the presence of discordant sounds is essen- tial to the tuneful effect of melody. An illustration is found in the case of belfry chimes which in the still- ness of the night-time are slightly out of tune, lacking the vibration produced by the discordant noises of the day-time. Herein lies a profound truth, which may be applied to many of the affairs of life. It seems at the present to be especially applicable to a few persons who are voic- ing their dissatisfaction at the develop- ment of British Columbia and the wave of prosperity which is sweeping over the Province. Their complaint is that "the other fellow" is getting rich, is making millions out of timber lands and pulp limits, while they are eking out a miser- able existence on $25 a week. The ex- planation is not far to seek — the grapes are sour. It is true that the Province is advancing by leaps and bounds, that settlers are flocking in, that lands are being taken up, that capitalists are se- curing, and paying for, hundreds of square miles of territory ; it is also true 4 W E ST WAKD HO! MAGAZINE. that the revenues of the Province are equally impossible for the modern thereby becoming enriched to such an Diogenes to discard the cynical habitude extent' that public works of necessity are ^^ j^jg Q^^^y. ancestor. He still snarls everywhere being carried out. It is ^ . , i • i. n- , Yi -LI r .1 4. at the man whose energy and mtelligence hardly possible for these momentous re- -r- r n suits to be achieved without somebody enable him to woo Fortune successfully, making a few dollars ; it also seems and he still dips his pen in gall. Suggestion. Were tlie whole gamut ours, Had we perfected powers, Were there no beauty, still unseen, to see. Then might we ask. for more From those wlio seeking shore. Catch but the odour of some fragrant tree- From tliose who swimming low Fancy faint outlines — know For one brief moment from a billow's crest Vague glories — indistinct Through rainbow spray — a hint Of that fair land that lies beyond the West. Or utterly alone At midnight, from tlie throne Snow draped that waits the coming of the Dawn, Feel in the dizzy void Barriers of flesli destroyed And shuddering know the curtain half with- drawn. Shuddering lest mortal ear Immortal sounds should hear Hear voices wliich the Silence hardly veils Yet dreading, swooning, pray For strength to know — till Day Draws to the curtain and their effort fails. Can you express in prose The essence of the rose? In song the message of the singing Deep? Or waking paint your dream, Such that its beauties seem Tlie supernatural splendours of your sleep? Always articulate, A poet scarce were great. Only the Known has symbols in our speech. Yet may man's faltering tongue Striving for songs unsung Suggest the mysteries he cannot reach. — Clive Phillipps-Wolley, BROKEN HEARTS — To a man, the disappointment of love may occasion some bitter pangs; it wounds some feelings of tenderness — it blasts some prospects of felicity; but he is an active being — he may dissipate his thoughts in the whirl of varied occupation, or may plunge into the tide of pleasure. But woman's is comparatively a fixed, a secluded, and a meditative life. She is more the companion of her own thoughts and feelings; and if they are turned to ministers of sorrow, where shall she look for consolation? Her lot is to be woed and won; and if unhappy in her love, her heart is like some fortress that has been captured, and sacked, and abandoned and left desolate. The world is governed by three things, wisdom, authority, and appear- ances. Wisdom is for thoughtful people, authority for rough people, and appearances for the great mass of superficial people, who can look only at the outside, and who judge only by external matters. Strange Scenes in a Naturalist's Wide Workshop* By Bonnycastle Dale. OUR walls are the forests ; our ceiling the heaven ; our floor the shifting water of the lakes and the "drowned lands." Many are the white man's wiles — aye, and he uses the wiles of the red man too — to lure into his pictures the shy but clever inhabitants of the far North. We wander afoot over the drifted snow ; we peer through deep holes cut in the thick ice ; we build "hides" in the wild rice beds ; we drive poles here and erect platforms on which to steady our cam- eras ; we float our machines down swift currents into the midst of feeding flocks ; we conceal them in heaps of aquatic vegetation, building these heaps carefully an inch a day to allow the setting wild bird whose picture we covet to become accustomed to the changing pile ; and often with a taut line over her nest we force her to take her own picture, since she refuses to let us do it ; we climb far up into swaying trees, and with only a treacherous hold point our lens at an egg-filled nest, while the great birds we have disturbed circle and scream over our heads. All this we do (and gladly) in order that the omniverous maw of the illustrated press may be filled and our fellow man may see as we see — the wonders of nature. Our opening day this year found us shovelling with great eagerness into a drift of snow that had buried the lower and middle branches of the cedars which lined the banks of the ice-bound Otona- bee, the "Crooked River" of the Missis- saugas. Hawk, our guide, pointed to the tree roots with eloquent gestures. "Reewun penay." he grunted. "Pajrt- ridge, snowdrift!" we translated it, and our shovels flew to the release of the gamy grouse. Only a tiny airhole, formed by the bird's frantic attempt to tunnel upward and aided by the March sun. told where the partridge was buried. But soon we came upon a perfect sub- way of tunnels, a tiny line where the stoat had run, a larger, more deeply trodden path where the weasel had passed, and other roads, yet larger, pressed down by the soft feet of the rab- bits as they sped along to their cosy burrow under the old tamarack root. Here a cross patch had been run through bv the lithe, cruel mink, and a reddish stain on the snow and a few hairs told the tragic end of some poor bunny. We found many a tunnel bissecting the main ones, and these, we guessed, had been made by the field-mice and moles, as they had left their marks on the bark of the swamp maples. Again we found a path where the slowly im- planted foot-marks and the groove of a dragging tail gave evidence that the heavy muskrat had passed from some "breathing-hole" on his way to a "div- ing-hole" in the drowned lands. Some- times we paused in our work and stand- ing erect gazed at the drifted, solitary, unbroken waste of snow, and then turned back with wondering admiration to the thoroughfares made beneath by these busy animals. At last, w^e came upon a short, wide path, trodden by the spreading footmarks of a large game bird. All along its course the beaver grass had been torn out and eaten. I had my fat boy. Fritz, with me, and with Fritz holding my feet from above I hung like an acrobat and peered into the tunnel. At the far end I saw the gleam of a pair of bright eyes. Hastily setting the machine, we con- cealed ourselves beneath a spreading fir. Slowlv and stiffly, cautiously at first as if expecting danger, the handsome bird — a male ruffled grouse — emerged. He stood blinking in the sunshine and slowly eating small mouthfulls of snow^ that he picked up on either side. "Click!" went the camera, and the grouse sped l^ack along his laboriously won path. We plunged away through the deep WESTWARD HO! M A G A Z I X E. snow, red man. fat boy, and camera, laden white. The leaping red flame of our camp fire lighted up the gloomy aisles of the pine woods. The fragrant smoke rolled and beckoned a welcome to our mid-day meal. Later, as the Indian and I sat drowsily smoking, the more thoughtful Fritz gathered up the frag- ments of our meal and struggled off through the snow to feed the hungry grouse. \Vhen we saw him again, plod- cling back heavily through the drifts, he carried a dark object in his hands. It glass jar of live minnows was lowered luitil it hung suspended just beneath the lower surface of the ice, three feet below the upper. Throwing myself on the furs and pushing my head under the willow, I was soon completely covered by Hawk. Robe after robe was thrown over me, until every ray of light was excluded. At first I could see nothing. Then a gleam of green water showed beneath me ; next the dark, ice-chiseled sides of the hole were visible. Then a weed, drifted by the current, glided into the scene, and Rough Grouse Under the Snow. was the grouse — dead. Fritz has a ten- der heart, and his trembling lip was so near the danger line that we read the bird's story in silence. Its torn breast spoke eloquently of the swift attack of the leaping mink, its own vain struggle and, let us hope, its speedy, painless death. We stood next morning around a hole cut through the deep ice far up Rice Lake. A red willow arch curved above the ice shaving? that surrounded the ()|)cning. Robes were laid down. A big at last I saw the inhabitants of the deep. As they came out of the warmer, shel- tered depth into the cool, gleaming shaft of light they seemed mere yellowish shadows. But as they rose nearer the jar of minnows I saw that they were big mouth bass. One large fish, his black lustrous eyes set ou the tempting bait, charged the jar, and as it swung slowly away, he followed. He and his mates crowded together, nosing and bunting it. Still the alluring minnows swam about. Time after time the bass charged, only NATURE STUDY. to meet the cold glass. Finally they set it swinging in concentric circles, and followed it, curving and darting, rising and falling, in a merry mad measure so irresistibly comical that I laughed aloud The covering above me was disturbed. A ray of light flashed in, and the scene disappeared. Again the robes were adjusted, and again I waited. Soon, far down in tht murky depths, I saw a long green shadow swim slowly across the hole. In a few minutes it came back, but higher up ; day the fish gathered about the mock feast. The bass came in couples, in schools even, and gazed and poked at those unapproachable minnows. It might truly be said that their mouths watered as they hungrily circled around the jar, fading away like shadows when the long, green, shark-like nose of the maskin- onge appeared. These big fishes swam in many a curving line, solemnly encir- cling the imprisoned bait ; but no matter how great the number of the fish nor how small the circle thev did not once Huge Female Maskinonge Spawning. then again, still higher, until suddenly the long, sharp nose and big, hollow- looking eyes of a twenty-pound mas- kinonge were within three feet of my face. So sudden and so alarming was its appearance that I dodged involun- tarily ; but deceived by the reflection, I dodged the wrong way and plumped my face into the icy water. Whether the great fish was as startled as I had been I don't know, but it swept out of the view circle instantly. All through the cold, bright hours of the touch one another. The Indian saw and wondered. The fat boy shivered through all his ponderous body until the furs shook him. It was time to go home. With nipped fingers we pulled up our bait, our teeth chattering. A minute afterwards we were speeding homeward on our skates. The wild ducks were the next to claim the attention of our note-book and camera. On the southern Canadian lakes the great migration north passes, for here are great celerv beds, wild rice seed, the 8 WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE. spatter-dock of the marshes and myriads of snails. Here the ducks Hng-er and feed. Hitherto, as the isotherm of thirtv-five degrees has moved north, thev have closely followed, but now they wait, sure of food, until the breeding- grounds far over the Height of Land, iar up — almost to the Arctic Circle — are readv to receive them. One great bay held a flock numbering many thous- ands ; in the evening, when the move- ment northward is most pronounced, we calculated that there were about ten concealed our canoe and ' the platform we had erected on piles to hold our camera. We anchored a flock of de- covs nearby and placed the camera so that its bright lens could peer out at them from its straw covering. From our hiding-place we could watch the wonderful ways of our webb-footed friends. The golden-eyed drakes swam past proudly with their necks arched aiid their glossy green feathers and bril- liant yellow eyes glistening in the sun- liglit. Thev were, following, several Golden-Eye Duck Fishing. thousand of them, but in the morning, augmented by great flocks of hungry birds from the South, there were at least twenty-five thousand. We counted twenty-two varieties of wild ducks, the eider-duck and harlequin only, being missing. There were small flocks of Canada geese and brant, solitary speci- mens of pelicans and comorants, pairs of loons and many varieties of griebe. As the birds dotted the calm surface of the lake we built out "hides." The rice beds lie sunken beneath the water, the grain growing from a black liquid mud. Into this mud we drove our poles. Then we placed cross-poles in the crotches and hung over them a great r|uantity of wild rice straw. The straw drakes to each more soberly-clad female. They dived as she dived ; they rose from beneath the water and with flying wings speeded after her as sle leaped into the air. They followed her everv movement, settled where she settled, swimming around her as she rested, uttering the spring love note, which sounds like nothing in the world but the grating of a rusty hinge. "Creek, creek!" they called to her. This cry is to be heard onlv in the spring time and is utterly unlike the "quacks" and "myamphs" of the regular note. At last the female hearkened to one of the drakes, and she and her mate drove off the rejected love'rs. Hawk built us "bough-houses" on the NATUEE STUDY. points of the islands, where we could watch the ducks unobserved by them. These "bough-houses" are circular fort- like structures of stone, from which the cameras peered out like cannon watch- ing for an enemy. But sometimes we watched for our subjects from behind great ice-covered boulders and pictured them with rapid, focal-plane shutters as they leaped in many a strange play. One game— for game it surely is — most close- ly resembles the "tag" of our boyhood. A plain brown blue-bill would come diving along the shore with her train of drakes. Suddenly for no apparent reason — except that it is evidently a part of the game — she would leap from the water, gracefully curving and spattering over the surface. All the male birds fol- low in hot pursuit. Down the female dives ; she emerges in a cloud of spray. The males have dived too, and they now emerge, as the duck does, popping out of the water like so many flying fish. After the birds have played their game for a hundred yards or so they settle down again to the more serious business of feeding, gravelling or love-making. We were exceedingly interested in the mergansers. "Mergaser sirfator." The drake, with his dark green head and chestnut breast, is a glorious creature. His bright red eyes and bill make a dash of color on the dark blue water. One fellow, accompanied by his more plainly dressed mate, passed within six feet of us. Both had their heads beneath water, as far down as to the top of the trans- parent film that covers the eye and pro- tects it from any injurious substance that might float in. They were search- ing the shallows for minnows. They chased them almost ashore, and as they seized them in their serrated bills, throw- ing their shining heads aloft to swallow the wriggling fish, our camera clanged out the news that another film had been impressed. Usually the maskinonge spawn in the "drowned lands," but this year there was not enough water. Our canoe was held lightly in the boggy shore, and right beneath there was a channel that lead to a secluded spot containing just enough water to cover one of these great fishes. We lay with our hands almost meeting under the canoe, our eves, shaded bv our caps, peering over the side. Time after time maskinonge swam in and out beneath us. so close that they touched our fingers. Fritz drew his out as if an electric current had nipped him. In every case the male was the smaller fish ; a thirty-pound female with a ten-pound escort seemed to be their usual propor- tions. We watched a number of these great females swimming around the shal- low spawning-ground with fully half of their long bodies exposed. We have photographed them in this position. An- other picture which we managed to get is that of the male fish in the peculiar act of pushing his head far out of the water and shaking it as if to throw off some parasite. We have never been able to find any reason for this strange antic, although in summer they may do it to shake out some of the loosening teeth ; they have a new set each year. The low water, alas, played havoc with the spawn. Much of it was laid out in the lake shallows, and the heavy winds dislodged it and drove it ashore. Many a time our canoe has slipped all to easily up the shore upon the shining fringe of spawn that lined it. And here the wild ducks found the tempting food, each egg showing the first faint dot of incubation. They had a right royal feast. As they were eating we paddled up to them, hastily concealed our cam- eras in the willows that fringed the shore, connected the machine with long rubber tubes and scrambled up the bank to await the ducks we had frightened away. The ducks soon swung back, alighted and swam ashore. In one spot, about a mass of spawn as large as a man's two hands, had gathered four handsome bluebills, American Scamp. They were right in focus. I gave the bluebill call, "purr-it," and instantlv they turned and looked -at me. A rapid pressing of the bulbs, a "cling-clang" from the machines, and two more excellent pictures were ours. Often as the ducks flew past we would call them. The Indian excelled at this imitation, his deep, natural calls making the birds turn as if on a pivot, and sweep for the decoys. At times the huge flocks would rise from the surface of the lake with a noise like thunder. When there was no more chance for picture-taking that day we would carry our cameras lO WESTWAED HOI MAGAZINE. and deco}S to the camp, and with the camp fire leaping up into the dark trees above and our canoes overturned on the sand prepare for our next day's hunt. Ko duck hunter ever reloaded shells or filled cartridge box with more zeal than we recharged our cameras. And we were secure in the knowledge that our sport would not cause a moment's pain to any animal, feathered, furred, or scaly. Once again our paths were the paths of the furbearers. We concealed our cameras on floats in the drowned lands where the muskrats — most elusive of all our subjects — came out for a very short On the shelf thus left the muskrats we were watching had formed a dry nest of straw, and here they reared the litter of ''kittens," keeping the nest very clean and pure. These sleek animals are very dainty in their habits and make the hun- gry trapper a good meal — ^quite as good, in fact, as when they are served on some Southern hotel table under the name of ''Marsh rabbits." We pictured the musk- rats sitting erect as they nibbled the wild onion or ate the succulent root of the flag. We watched them swimming amiably up the little marsh streams, male closelv following female. It was the A Grand Old Male Heron. period jjefore sunset. They were build- ing their big circualr houses. We watched them bringing the straw and flags, the parrot grass and wild oats, the rushes and reeds. They dragged these up on to the heap already gathered, moving back- wards. They trampled it down, patting it here, smoothing it there, until the solid piles were high enough above the water for them to tear out the passage desired beneath. Right in the center of the heap, twelve or fifteen inches above the sur- face, is a chamber. From this a pas- sage was torn out. which forms a "div- ing-hole" into the water. Down this diving-hole the muskrats can plunge into safety the instant the house is disturbed. mating season. Often when we were watching a peaceful pair another brown head and a pair of bright eyes would emerge. A rival male had appeared. Then the conflict would begin. Tread- ing water, standing erect and clutching each other with the long, strong claws of the forefeet, whining and crying meanwhile like two babies, they would fight until one was discomfited. The battle won, oflf would swim the victor after the waiting female, the cause of all the trouble. Every daring lover would be fought ofif until he was chosen for the mate. Then the house would be built, and soon the querulous cry of the kittens could be heard. This vear, un- NATURE STUDY. II fortunately, the water rose, and all the nests were drowned out. We watched with great concern the anxious mothers carrying tenderly in their beaks, holding them upsidedown. the pink-legged, grey- coated silky little chaps, and laying them on hastily formed "draw-ups." Here the babies lay on the dry straw and beaver grass, their little blind eyes twitching in the unaccustomed glare, and here we took their pictures. The hours of exposure were s.i late, however, that out of one hundred :nd twenty photographs taken at this time only ten were good. As our long white tubing la\- like a temptmg worm along the bog" the great blue herons descended and tried to eat it. We were enjoying a laugh at their expense when the joke was suddenly turned on us, and a great plunging maskinonge sent float, machines and all, into the water. A visit to the trapping camp of the jMississiaugas was fruitful of many things. We pictured them removing the pelts, stretching the furs, cutting the red willow boughs on which the furs are stretched, setting the well-concealed traps, driving willow branches in along the streams, piling on these the flags and straw to form a draw-up where the water was deep, a draw-up that held a cun- ningly hidden trap. While we lingered a brave came paddling in and whooping as only a red trapper can. "Ah-tuyah !" he called. "Come and take them !" Got all the bad things in the mash." "Take it!" he said, as he threw out a trapped blue heron. The camera clicked. "Take it!" And out came a handsome bluebill drake, trapped and drowned. "Take it !" he laughed, as a trapped and dead crow fell near my feet. "Take them all !" And crows, mice, marsh wrens, all the unwished for prey that gets nipped in the steel traps, piled up on the shore before me. I pictured the spoils and started ofif. "Take them !" he grunted. "T did : thank you !" I replied. "Take them !" he repeated. Then I saw, but oh, so late, that he spoke not in a photo- graphic sense. T gathered up the mis- cellaneous pile, and as I paddled away T heard the red man comment : "Wahbe- enene pahkudwin !" "White man hun- grv !" There was a flock of feeding pintafls that defied our most carefullv hidden cameras, so we arranged a raft-like struc- ture and lashed the camera firmly on. We attached guiding-strings to the two back corners and another to the action. Then we allowed the raft to be borne by the current into the flock. But although we got the pintails into correct focus and made the exposure at just the right moment, the swirl of the current tipped the lens too high, and we only secured a picture of the clouds. Many a time we sat and watched the big mount bass forming her nest in the wild rice straw at the bottom of the water. She would turn around as a dog does before it lies down, pushing and nosing the sunken straw until a fairlv circular nest was formed. Then after the spawn was laid we have seen her on guard day after day, fighting ofif all her enemies. Once, while she was absent a moment in search of food, three eels wriggled along the channel, slid into the spawn-filled hollow and started to eat up the whole bass family. The way she broke up that function was a merry sight. Like a cannon ball she entered, scattering her enemies right and left. Once she and the tail of an eel came clear out of the water in a cloud of spray. When she had driven them off it was l)athetic to watch her gentle, maternal instincts, how she smoothed down the disturbed nest, nosed the precious spawn into place — a deft touch here, a seem- ing pat there — and finally hovered over her repaired nest, a mother on guard again. The Great Northern Diver gave us a handsome set of pictures, the gathering of which held many moments of intense interest. The nest was formed on the top of an old muskrat house, and day after day we added to the pile of aquatic weeds that would ultimately conceal our camera. At last it was hidden, and the connections laid to a small island a hun- dred yards ofif, behind which I was con- cealed. The female bird came swimming back very slowly, and she formed a beau- tiful picture. Her collar was black striped ; her back was magnificently checquered black and white ; her head was glossy green, and her big eyes a brilliant red. With many a dive she swam and circled nearer to the nest on the bos: edge. For fullv two hours she 12 AV E S T W A R D HO! MAGAZINE. searched for the enemy she knew lay hidden somewhere. At length I was forced to paddle out and get my assist- ant to sneak in behind the island in an- other canoe. Then I doubled and joined him. and Fritz paddled past the nest in full sight. The manoeuver succeeded, yet it took an hour, during which the mosquitoes kept me close company, to satisfy her. Finally she scrambled with clambering wings and kicking feet right up on to the nest, springing up like a guilty thing when the camera sang out. Four weeks later she led two black billed, black footed, black eyed and black clothed little fluffy pets into the water. Here the male, glorious in his spring apparel, and similarly marked, took charge. Once I saw him swimming off with the two youngsters on his back. With considerable trouble I caught the little birds in a net and took a picture of them on the nest. When I returned, the frantic parents were uttering loud, eyrie calls. The father was the first to hear the babies' tiny "Peep." Instantly he came tearing over the water like a great white stallion, reared on his feet and tail. His shining head was swelled out with rage. His wonderful red eyes protruded from his head. A foaming- wake of water followed him. Busilv T pictured him as he circled my canoe, great masses of foam showing in each picture. Tlien I slid the dusky young- sters into the lake, and his wild "A-loo- loo" changed to the mildest entreating "Loo-loo" as he swam ahead and gently urged his precious ones away from the monster with bobbing head, long arms and long green shell. We have seen the "Shushuge" — the blue heron — fall from the Heavens, a tangled, revolving mass of long legs, great wings and twisting neck. W'e have seen this great bird fall five hundred yards, turning rapidly, and finally, the migration over, sail into the Heronry as if a quarter of a mile tumble were an every-dav event. W'e have watched the bittern fill its windpouch with four gasp- ing breaths, each drawn in and entering the pouch with a metallic, reed-like twang. The pouch swelled out to the size of a tennis ball. Then the head was laid on the back, a convulsive, acrobatic gesture ensued; the head shot out until the neck, was fully stretched, and the "A-ker- plunk" of this odd bird sounded over the lonely marshes once for each intaking of breath. Later in the fall, when both gun and camera are in use, I have shot the bluebills over our decoys, and un- assisted have photographed them as they fell, shot, click and plash sounding al- most simultaneously over the great workshop. THE TRAGIC IDEAL — The poet can no more write without having suffered and thought, than the bird can fly in an exhausted air-pump. He must learn the chords of the everlasting harp, before he can draw sweet music from it. But he cannot play while he is learning — he cannot write while he is suffering — he cannot sing while his heart is bleeding. If he attempts it, he will but utter incoherent sobs. He must wait until that suffering has passed into memory. There it will work, fortifying the soul with its examples, not tearing it with thorns. He must wait till suffering has become spiritualized, by losing every portion of the sensuous pain, before he can transmute it into poetry. ***** Women make their advances as Time makes his. At twenty, when the swain approaches to pay his devoirs, they exclaim, with an air of languid indifference, "Who is he?" At thirty with a prudent look towards the ways and means, the question is, "What is he?" At forty much anxiety manifests itself to make the hymeneal selection, and the query changes into "Which is he?" But at the ultima thule of fifty, the anxious expectant prepares to seize the prey, and exclaims, "Where is he?" Whoever has gained the affections of a woman is sure to succeed in any enterprise wherein she assists him. Models I Have Known* L — Bibi la Puree. By Mrs. Beanlands. WHISTLER'S atelier was the dernier cri among the Parisian art students, so much so that the concierge was stationed at the head of the stairs to call Pas de place Mesdames, pas de place to the stream chiefly Americans who flocked there. It was at his evening class that I first saw Bibi la Puree as model ; a little old man, smiling and ecstatics, his bright eyes half hidden under a dingy and weather-beaten top hat : his clothes were green with age ; his boots were the elas- tic-sided ones of the last century, and under his arm was a sheaf of old um- brellas, but while his clothes spoke of misery his whole bearing had an inde- scribable alertness and bonhomie, "a dandy even in his rags." I asked him to pose and next day he appeared at my studio and I decided to paint him for my salon. He was never punctual and his locuses were varied and original — there was an incendie in the street — he had to stop on the way to have a tooth pulled out — the waiter had forgotten to call him — a friend of his had had a crise de nerfs. But who is Bibi, one will ask? In Paris student life the* question was not necessary. Vagabond by profession, an habitue of the celebrated Cafe Pro- cope, the friend of Verlaine. the king of the 1899 carnival, whose real name was Andre de SaMs, whose uncle was the Abbe de Salis of the Tichbourne case celebrity ; everyone knew him ; free drinks were given him ; students saluted him ; no one was happier than he. Bibi used to say proudly : "T'etais I'ami de Verlaine et Verlaine etait mon ami." and when that sad genius was dving in a garret it was Bibi who was everything to him. who sold his autograi)hs or his poems and when all other things failed, sold himself to a college of surgeons for JO francs to give \^erlaine the necessary food and doctor's care. But sometimes the Fates were unkind in our quarter. Bibi was not known and M. Julien, returning by the Boule- vards, overheard an animated dialogue : "Je suis Bibi la Puree, je ne paye ja- mais." "Vous pouvez etre Bibi le diable," said the infuriated waiter, but you must pay your drink." This was Bibi who assured me he only drank milk and deplored Verlaine's failing for ab- sinthe. Bibi also had an irresistible craving for other people's umbrellas. Mine disappeared. He told me one of the models had most probably taken it. "I will find her and say, 'Give me back the umbrella of Mademoiselle Mees.' " Everyday he reported on the chase ; once he had vainly pursued her up the Boule- vard Michel — until the subject dropped, and it was not till some months later that I heard of this strange passion of his, and that at the anniversary of Ver- laine's death it was Bibi who wept the most bitterly at his grave. After the cere- mony when the literary men were leaving the cemetery Bibi had disappeared and with him their fifteen umbrellas. But everyone forgave Bibi. As a model he was always amusing, always obliging. He used to say : "Tiens nons avons oublie quelque chose," and passed his fingers as a comb through his few grisly locks to make them stand out to his sat- isfaction. Once he climbed a high stool to open a window and fell, heels in air. Never was there such a catastrophe. I ran to him : "Are you hurt. Bibi ?" "Not in the least." was the quick reply : "I often do this for exercise." He was fond of flowers and always had a bunch of violets to present to us at JuHen's evening class. "Et la moitre liour Mdme Julian." he used to say. Once when posing at this class he left the model throne as he saw Mdme Ju- lian rome in with her mother. " Go back." shouted Marie, the bonne who for twentv-sevcn vears had been the M WESTWAKD HO! M A G A Z I 2s" E. dragon of the atelier. But Bibi, paying no attention to Marie, presented the violets with the most courtly of bows. ••Madame lulian will not be offended I trust if 1 offer these flowers to Madame, her mother." When I was ill Bibi appeared at the hotel with flowers and a medallion of St. Genevieve, the patron saint of health, purposely blessed for my recovery. I finished my portrait. It was hung on the line in the salon and was often surrounded by the students, who knew Bibi. I never saw him again. He died soon afterwards — alone and in misery. But his memory will long live in the Latin Ouartier and let us hope that an angel has pressed down the scale for his gentle and unknown deeds. The Hat and the Singing Girl By J. Gordon Smith. I am a silk hat. Just when I came into the world I cannot remember, but I have memories of being crowded with old clothing on a huckster's stall in Roman road, and I recall that fourpence was given for me to a Jew with long and greasy beard, by a Japanese fireman of the Awa Maru who put me away in a cardboard box in the bowels of a vi- brating Japanese-built steamer. He took me out at times, when off watch, to brush my glossy sides and top ere he slid down the oily iron ladders to the heated fireroom, where things happened that they in the smoking rooms and saloons never dreamed of. Because of me there was much talk when the naked firemen sat on heaps of lukewarm clinkers to dip their chopsticks in a joint-bowl of rice and fish. Then there was the matter of a knife thrust lietween the ribs of Matsu- moto San at the middle furnace, which gave the ship's doctor some anxious hours, when the sticky humidity of the Red Sea depressed the whole ship's com- pany. This all hai)pened, because of things he said concerning me and Furuku .San, who owned me and was proud in the possession. 'i'hese things befell ])ef<)re we reached I-'u.san. which is -in old ])lace. and silk hats and its crenelated wall, that ])ounds the citv in a square of wide crumbling stone thirt\ feet high, were never meant to inert check !)y j )wl. Perhaps thi.> was why the Korean, who was catching small birds with a falcon, as an esquire might have done in the days of the Hen- rvs, ran with fright when he saw me glistening with the pitiless sun of Korea shining on my gloss as I rested on the well-oiled head of Furuku San, now an adventurer, who followed the course of the war on the Hermit land. I impressed all who saw me. But I felt so strange. Imagine me, who had graced the head of a member of parlia- ment, before a butler cast me off to se- cure pence for his brats, displayed in such crowds as Furuku San jostled among. No yangban of all Korea had such headgear as the madcap fireman of the Awa Maru who had run away with Kimochi San, the singing girl, to make his fortune in Korea. Those yangbans of Korea I remember well, with their loose white robes and ridiculous horse-hair hats with broad brims and ribbons under the chin. Such a hat would never have been tolerated where I came from ; in fact, I doubt if anything that befell in this comic-opera land would have occurred in the j^laCe where. I first saw the light. These people l(K)k like clowns in a circus as they saunter through the .streets fanning themselves or smoking long-stemmed pijjes : or with dirty white cotton jackets and baggy trousers dragging in the mud they lie asleep on the streets with flies crawling over their closed evelids. And THE HAT AND THE SINGING GIRL. 15 these houses ! single-storied huts of mud and wattle, neglected and forlorn-look- ing, dirty as can be imagined, and with great irregular spaces between them, as ugly as the filthy streets with the sewage reeking in sluggish stream in the middle. I lived in a thatched two-roomed house of bamboo, mud, wattle and paper, and had a place of honor on the kami- dana with the household gods of Furuku San and Kimochi, the singing girl, and because of me the couple prospered. Men came from near and far to see me. A few Koreans burned incense sticks before me, mistaking me for a god come out of the west. One day I heard Kimochi San crying. She was shaking from head to foot as she moaned out the bitterness of her grief. Then I saw some Japanese staggering into the place with a burden which they laid down on the floor and covered with a piece of matting. The burden was Furuku San and he was dead, having been shot while brawling in a tea house at the edge of the city, near the North Gate. Tanaka San, who had brought home the dead Furuku was comforting the weeping singing girl. They talked so low that I could not hear them and when she spread the fu- tamis at nightfall, Kimochi had forgot- ten to cry. She was singing an old Japanese ballad. I thought of her fickleness half the night. In the morning Tanaka and three others carried Furuku San out in a small box, his knees doubled as he sat up- right in the coffin after the ortho- dox Buddhistic manner, and Tanaka San wore me as he followed the funeral pro- cession with Kimochi shuffling along on her teak-wood clogs behind him. I pondered over the situation night after night. I resolved to be revenged. Furuku San had treated me well. He brushed me, shining me continually, while Tanaka threw me into a corner and was all ears when Kimochi began to chant her songs. He sat beside her while she gracefully bound her black hair, whitened her face and neck with powder, paint and pomatum, carmined her lips, blacked her eye-brows and oiled her hair, holding the old Korean mirror of burnished metal while the singing girl made her' preparations for the entertain- ment of those who came to the tea-house. I listened while they talked, the crafty rascals. So, they were going to get the two hundred yen that the dead Furuku had loaned to the Korean farmer who tilled the paddy-fields just beyond the city wall at the North Gate. Kimochi had a paper with the thumb marks of Furuku and the farmer which was also stamped with their seals in red, this having been done before the Japanese Resident. That farmer had paid exorbitant inter- est for the two hundred yen, even though he had paid with counterfeit nickels, but the couple now proposed to force the old Korean to pay the principal despite the fact that repayment was not due for many months. "Kimi," said Kimochi, "honorably take the hat. The Korean pig has never seen such a hat unless he has been to the Court where Marquis Ito rules at Seoul. If you wear the hat he will think you are Marquis Ito and you can tell him that unless he pays he must go to prison — tell him he may be hanged." Oh ! the wickedness of this world. I was to be made use of to force payment from the poor old rice-grower, and I was helpless to do anything. But was I ? Perhaps— well. I would see. "Kimi," said Kimochi, "Wanibi San, who is a flag-waver of the railway, has an imposing uniform with shining but- tons— he looks like the Marquis Oyama. It may be you can borrow that clothing, and with it and the shining hat he may think you are the Japanese Emperor." The singing girl had not stayed awake all night thinking of the two hundred yen for nothing. I listened carefully and worried over this and resolved that the old Korean should not be robbed, although I could not yet see how to prevent it. "I will go to this pig of the Korean." said the geisha, between mouthfuls of daikon. as the silent Tanaka sat on the opposite cushion wondering what might happen if the interfering constabulary hoard. 'T will go to him and demand the money. He will refuse, seeing that I am a weak woman. I will scream and i6 WESTWAED HO! M A G A Z I X E. then you will come. Today he goes with a cow to the citv by the North Gate. We will wavlay him. But bring the hat. and then he will think you are the Marquis Ito himself." While Kimochi was sitting before her mirror Tanaka lifted me from the shelf and pressed me down on his head, the cocoanut oil of his hair sticking greasily to mv band. He tilted me to one side, then iie glared into a cheap mirror labelled "made in Germany," and admired him- self. But. how out of place I seemed with that old blue kimona and the low neck, bare feet and teak-wood clogs. Perhaps the uniform with brass buttons which the tlag-waver brought from the railway would be better. I sliall never forget the sight when Tanaka looked into his mirror after he ])ut on the uniform. The trousers were tight, clinging to the leg like those of a Yokohama ricksha-puller, and they had a disinclination to reach down to the san- dals by a foot at least, while the coat fitted like that of a bellboy who had stay- ed overlong in the pantry. In the morning we went forth, Ki- mochi leading, and Tanaka following with me on the back of his head. Toward the North Gate we met an unsophisti- cated Korean with bovine stare, hanging jaw and a loose tuft of hair like an An- gora goat. He was leading a bullock laden heavily with brushwood, anl look- ing straight ahead of him. Suddenly Ki- mochi sprang toward him and screamed. Just then a gust of wind lifted me over a compound wall, where I lay close tr) a break in the rubl)lc. "Why do you not i)ay this woman her money?" asked Tanaka with all the auth- ority he could assuiric, as he put his hand to his bare head. "The hat: where is the hat?" shouted the angry Kimochi, shrilly. "He will nr\er pay unless you have the hat." I'Vom my hiding place behind the mud wall I laughed. "Why (](» you not pay this woman her money?" flemanded Tanaka once more. "FCxcellency. T go to get it." said the farmer meekly, as though, like all his countrymen he had become accustomed to being roblK'd by the Japanese. "If your F-xccllcncv will honorably hold mv poor cow for a few moments T will humbly go to my poor home just beyond the city gate and bring the honorable money to your Excellency." "Yoroshi \" said Tanaka tartly ; he felt that he must maintain an air of authority despite the fact that I had lifted myself over the wall. "And you must hurry," shouted the singing girl as the farmer shuffled away. Thev watched the old Korean toddling through the city gate and then both burst into laughter. Between outbursts of merriment the}- planned a trip back to the Street of the Lantern-makers in Os- aka, and the fickle singing girl vowed eternal fealty to Tanaka. Two Japanese policemen meanwhile approached from a lane between the low Korean houses, and with them was the unsophisticated owner of the cow. "There he is," said the farmer, point- ing to Tanaka. "That's the man who stole my cow." Both constables laid hands on Tana- ka's shoulder, and hustled him off, while the Korean, chanting an old native song, picked up the leading rope and started homeward with his bullock. "But ," Tanaka started to explain. "I am ." "Yes, of course," said the fickle Ki- mochi, "he tried to steal the poor man's cow," and she smiled as her almond eyes shone upon the policemen. Meanwhile I lay perdu behind the compound wall while the man with tight-fitting brass-bound uniform lan- guished in jail making explanations, at which everybody laughed. There is also a singing girl carrying tea and cakes to all who come to her tea-house and mak- ing violent love to a policeman whom she met while he was arresting a man for cow-stealing at the North Gate. Finally there is a flag-waver of the rail- way line angrily demanding at the prison gate that his uniform be returned to him ; and a bull contentedly chewing the cud in a corner of his master's house, while an old farmer recites to all who will listen what befell at the North Gate. He scents his breath with garlic and sul at intervals ; these things being bought with his surplus funds because he no longer l)ays exorbitant interest on two hundred ven. Life and Love, ONCE, in the long ago, when Life and Love Walked ever hand in hand, Tliey came to earth from some fair realm above. And wandered through the land. Much they did find whereon their art to try. For then the world was new. They shook the sunbeams from the bended sky, And steeped the ground with dew. Upon the fields the emerald turf they spread. And clad the hills in green; They laid the meadows in the vales, and led The glittering streams between. Life lifted up the flowers throughout the land By woodland slope and fen; Love stooped and touched them with her glowing hand, And they have bloomed since then. Life taught the birds to build within the brake. And clothed each fledging's wing; Love lifted up her voice but once to wake The songs which now they sing. Thus ever hand in hand they journeyed on. From sea to sunlit sea. Their garments had the freshness of the dawn Which wakes the flowering lea. And journeying thus, at length they found a child New risen from the sod. Life frowned, and said, "He is a beast." Love smiled, And said, "He is a god." Then were their hands disjoined, and from the ground Betwixt the twain arose A dark and shadowy figure, sorrow-crowned. And draped in sable woes. Because that Nature's tenderest demands Did seem of little worth. From henceforth Life and Love their parted hands Shall join no more on earth. For this the flowers shall haste to fail and fade. The wood and field turn sere, And all the songsters of the summer glade Fly with the changing year. Life lifted up the child and gave him breath. And he did walk between — Love on the right. Life on the left — and Death Did follow, all unseen. "What wilt thou give," said Life, "and I will show Thine eyes the path of fame. And lead thee there, that after-years shall know And wonder at thy name?" "All," saith the child, "that Fate shall bring to me, And all that Fame can give To heart and mind — all will I give to thee. If I shall always live." But Love stooped low and gently drew his head Against her broad white breast. "What wilt thou give to me," she softly said, "And I will give thee rest?" "Alas!" he answered, "I am now bereft Of all I might control. One gift remains — myself alone am left — To thee I give my soul." Love put her sandals on his naked feet. And in her tender care Gave him her broidered garment, soft and sweet, Such as a god might wear. She girt his body with the golden zone Loosed from her own warm breast; And on his lips the imprint of her own She passionately pressed. And in his heart she lit the deathless fire Which rests not night nor day. But still doth turn the soul with fond desire To Beauty's path alway. So they did journey, and the land was fair; Each day was like a dream In which the soul moves with the moving air Along some crystal stream. But T,ife began to weary of the way. Such fickle heart hath she. And though Love plead with tears, she would not stay, But shook her fair hand free. Then Death came swiftly up in silent might. With arms outstretched and cold. And bare the child back to the land of Night, To mingle mould with mould. But Love still journeyed on from scene to scene. To find some land of rest. And ever at her side a soul did lean. Close to her faithful breast. Long ages have rolled bv. Earth's children find Life false and fickle still; Her nromises are fair, but she, unkind, Forsakes them all at w^ill. The path is sweet and blooming still the same As in that ancient day, And sable Death still follows hard, to claim The soul-forsaken clay. And still she lives whose dear divine control Nor Life nor Death can sever; And iourneying still the unimprisoned soul Goes on with Love forever. — R. B. W. This I know — and this may by all men be known — that no good or lovely thing exists in all the world without its correspondent darkness; and that the universe presents itself continually to mankind under the stern aspect of warning, or of choice, the good and the evil set on the right hand and the left. — John Ruskin. What we call illusions are often, in truth, a wider division of past and present realities — a willing movement of a man's soul with the larger sweep of the world's forces — a movement towards a more assured end than the chances of a single life. — George Eliot. Men I Have Met. By W. Blakemorc. Marion Crawford. IT is the unexpected that happens, not only in connection with many events of life, but especially as to accidental meetings. I*"or twenty years I have been an admirer of Marion Crawford. Who that delights in chaste, elegant sen- suous diction has not recreated in the Italian sunshine, which suffuses his work. No other living writer of fiction so faith full \ reproduces the atmosphere in which Italian men and women, espe- cially of high degree, live and move and have their being. Little, however, did I e.xpect that my first meeting with the celebrated author would be in the un- romantic Western City of Great Falls. It occurred in the winter of 1897, when I found m}'self for the first time in the now far-famed Montana Smelting centre. I had been looking through the electroly- tic works established there by the Boston and Montana Copper Co., a splendid achievement of modern engineering, which had successfully harnessed the head waters of the Missouri to their bidding. (ireat was my surprise to see the hoardings i)lacarded with an announce- ment that Marion Crawford, "the cele- brated novelist," would deliver a lecture on Italian literature that evening. I have not yet recovered from the shock, to my sense of the eternal fitness of things that a man so cultured and accomplished should have been secured to lecture in a pioneer Western City, containing at that time not more than two or three thousand souls; but I was reckoning without my host in the person of the peeress entrepreneur Major Pond who was managing the tour. The inimitable skill of the Major in advertising and arousing interest in his lecturers was never better illustrated, for in spite of the uncongenial surroundings and incle- ment weather some four or five hundred people gathered in the Opera House. It may be a fitting tribute to the excellence of the lecture, although I have always preferred to believe that it was a mark of interest in the lecturer, that the audi- ence remained intact until the end. Marion Crawford is a man who would attract attention anywhere. There are few men like him in the Western world, although both in London and Rome one may see his counterpart any day, except that he is a blend of the best features of the aristocrats of both cities. To the finger tips he looked princely, Bohemian, dilletante. As he walked in one was first of all impressed by his height, which is exaggerated by a somewhat spare built frame. He is considerably over six feet, well-knit, athletic lookirig, and bronzed. He has dark brown hair, a keen, intel- lectual face, and angles at the chin, the jaw, the cheek-bones and the eyebrow^s. His eyes are hazel and either glow, gleam, or scintillate as the emotion moves him. The second impression is of his grace- fulness, every movement bespeaks the artist. It would be impossible for him to stand without appearing picturesque, and his occasional gestures w^ere the very poetry of motion. One could not help feeling that he was enveloped in an atmosphere of sang froid amounting almost to nonchalance. Essentially a man who had thought for himself, who had solved the problems of life to his own satisfaction, who had become by habit, if he were not by in- stinct, a philosopher, and who looked out on human life with the easy tolerance of a thorough man of the world to whom nothing mattered — very much. As I listened to him and looked at him, the conviction stole over me that in those stately, urbane, kindly dispositioned, re- served gentlemen who people the gal- leries of Saracinesca and Sant Ilario, he was painting the portrait of his ances- MAEIOJST CKAWFOKD. 19 tors, if not of himself. His voice deepened the conviction, soft, melodious, persuasive, with a touch of indolence, rising and falling" with a regularity and an evenness which would have been monotonous if it had not been so musi-. cal. In the course of a two hours' lec- ture, not once did he become animated, not once did he appear to be moved by any phase of his subject, and I could not help saying to myself. "Why here is a magnificent contrast, the living embodi- ment of the antithesis to Gavazzi, who was all fire and enthusiasm, and who car- ried his audiences away in a torrent of consuming passion, as he pleaded for the freedom of Italy. Even if Marion Crawford had lived in the days when Garibaldi and Gavazzi, on the platform, in the press or on the tented field, were fighting to liberate their coun- try, he could have taken no part in the contest, for he is essentially not a man of action. His to look out with lofty intelligence and subtle appreciation on those aspects of his native country and those chapters of her history which ap- peal to the reflective and artistic tem- perament. Essentially a man to advance the intellectual status and to raise the standard of culture in times of peace, rather than to sound the tocsin of war. Hie lecture was a concise and logical resume of the history of Italian liter- ature, more suited for a Boston Literary Society than a great Falls public meet- ing. But the man ! He charmed and charmed, and his dulcet tones are lin- gering still. His lecture was almost un- relieved by humour, and yet at the con- clusion he related one or two incidents which suggested possibilities in this di- rection. A reverence for the religion of his country was discernible time and again, he touched it at many points and always with sympathy and intelligence. After the lecture we found ourselves the only occupants of the smoking room reserved for guests on the upper floor of the hotel. There we smoked and chatted until the night was half gone. Smoked cigarettes, a circumstance which did not a little to confirm me in my own weakness for the paper-rolled weed, and yet who can imagine Marion Crawford smoking anything but a cigarette, the apology for a real smoke, the whifif of Bohemia. I found him the most genial and sym- pathetic of entertainers. Once we got to literary topics, his reserve melted away. He spoke freely and at times with a touch of enthusiasm of the great men of letters. Naturally in his esti- mation Dante held the first place, but he was willing to concede that this was rather a matter of preference than of critical judgment. He admitted that he found his Italian novels the most con- genial to his own taste, and that his in- cursion into Western topics was the re- sult of circumstances and not of inclina- tion. We parted and have never since met. I have read every line which he has written and since he has returned to his first love, am more than ever convinced that in his own sphere he is peerless, and among the many literary giants whom it has been my privilege to meet there are few who have left so pleasant an impression of their personality as the author of "A Roman Singer.' Not a tempest sweeps through the earth that is not needful; not a trouble breaks upon the human heart that is not necessary. If so let us take heart and rejoice that we are in the road that leads upward to heaven. The beginning of all good law, and nearly the end of it, is that every man shall do good work for his bread, and that every man shall have good bread for his work. — Ruskin. , I seem to have spent my life watching idealists fight and go under. The ideals remain: their defenders either perish or lose heart, make compromises, and despise themselves. — John Oliver Hobbes. Knowledge humbleth the great man, astonisheth the common man, and puffeth up the little man. — Proverb. The Man Decides* By M. Langton. THE Honourable Jack Carrington was idly looking out of the Pullman car window as the west- bound train puffed into Banff station. There was the usual hurry and scurry up and down the platform, and the monotonous bump-bump of trunks as they were being lifted in and out of the baggage car. One old gentleman who had just landed was having a voluble dispute with the porters about a well-worn handbag which he carried. Finding, however, that lie made little or no impression on the grinning darkies he was on the point of stepping into a bus w'hich bore the name "Banff Hotel." in bright letters when the door opened from within and the old gentleman narrowly escaped a severe bang on the head. He was about to burst forth into angry exclamations, when a beautiful face appeared above him. and a slender, graceful young woman, clad in brown, sprang ligJitly to the ground. She was followed by an elderly lady whom she assisted to alight. Jack was int-.'-' ^^ted in the;e two as they slowly made their way to the train. The venerable old lady leaned upon the arm of the girl by her side, occasionally gazing up at her with a proud, happy look as slie ventured some remark. He watched the expressions play on the girl's face as she answered, and caught the glint of white teeth when she smiled. As she turned her head he noticed the thick coil of dark hair, the straight nose and perfect chin. " An undeniably beautiful face." thought Jack, "but what may the colour of her eyes be?" .And rh<-n. suddenly. he felt an almost uncontrollable desire to look into them and find (jiii. He began speculating as to whether these two women were coming into his car. or if they had engaged a drawing- room, and later on it was all he could do to sit quietly when he heard the rustle of skirts, and saw a neat, brown-clad figure glide by and arrange pillow^s in the compartment opposite. He could not help feeling a sensation of delight, and found himself wondering when she would look up, that he might catch a ghmpse of her eyes. He supposed they were brown — that colour usually went with dark hair. Then becoming impat- ient, he adjourned to the smoking-room for a quiet pipe. lack Carrington was a man of means, being the sole survivor of an old and wealthy English family. He was about thirty-two years of age. tall, dark, with a strong rather than a good-looking face. He had made a name in literature since he left Oxford, by his well written "Travels." which appeared from time to time in the popular periodicals. He had a fair knowledge of men and women, having passed through several London seasons, wintered on the Riviera and played wath the usual luck at Monte Carlo. It was rumored in the Smart Set of London' and the Continent that no ladv had succeeded in finding her way into Jack's heart ; and many a match- making dowager had been knowm to shake her head and sigh \yhen the Hon- ourable Jack Carrington was mentioned as a possible catch for a protege. He had travelled chiefly through India. Af- rica. Asia Minor and was now seeing America for the first time and had planned a visit to an old school chum who had settled in \^ictoria. From there he intended to take the "Empress" to China and Japan. The West was a new world to Jack. He travelled in the wnld. desolate scenery of the Rockies. The mountains seemed appalling in their towering rug- gedness and grandeur. A sense of overpowering aw^e grippe -l his soul and he experienced a strange feeling of lone- liness as he looked up at them from the smoking car window. THE MAX DECIDES. 21 Soon he went back to the l\i'lman with liis arms full of magazines. These he turned over one by one. each in its turn, to be discarded for another.- until finally he dropped them all and his eyes strayed to the com])artment opposite. A drowsy mood enchained his senses and he found himself weaving strange stories, with backgrounds of sloping mountain sides, clothed in shaggy brush and stately pines. He seemed to hear the sound of running rivers, mingled with the cries of wild birds, and the deep roar of unseen water- falls. There was always a patch of brown on the landscape of these stories, at first misty and indistinct, then as it gradually became C'carer and clearer, a head ap- peared, then a face, and the rest slowly took the shape of a slight brown-clad womanly figure. "Marjorie," called a soft voice, and Jack awoke suddenly to hear the lady of his dreams answer, "Yes, mother," as she re-arranged the old lady's pillows. Then it happened that a book she was reading slipped accidentally over the back of the seat almost at Jack's feet. The next instant he was looking into a pair of deep blue-grey eyes that played havoc with his senses. She profifered a sweet "Thank you" as she took the book and he sank back on the velvet cushions, wondering what had happened that he seemed suddenly unable to speak, or even think. About three o'clock that afternoon the train came to a stop. The news spread quickly that a bridge was washed away, which meant considerably delay. There was much excitement and the passengers rushed out to see the wrecked bridge, whi'^h. it was rumoured, would take ten hours to repair. To kill time Jack de- cided on a ramble, and felt thankful for an opportunity to try to get the "brown girl" out of his thoughts. He pushed his way quickly through the thick undergrowth and then sank on a mossv rock, fairlv enchanted with his surroundings. After an hour's rest he started back. "Just the setting for the stories T weaved this morning," he mused, gazing around. " but without the patch of brown." Yes, there were the sloping mountain sides, with litt.e valleys and dark recesses formed by trees and shaggy brushwood ; there were the pine tops and the peaks, away above him, where surely the sun must lose himself. All around were the wild, alluring voices of nature, whde the pungent moun- tain herbs yielded a grateful perfume. Far and near were ragged juttings of rich-coloured rock, wide caves and cre- vices with mysterious purple depths. Down amid jungles of dark green undergrowth were blurred patches of deep blue made by clusters of wild berries : and everywhere was the rough background of crags piled one over the other, with their fantastic shadows and ever-changing mists^and there — Jack stopped — yes, surely there was the patch of brown after all. At first he was not quite certain, but after cautiously drawing nearer he saw that it was really she, standing just as he had pictured her, among the rocks and trees. Of course he could have gained the railway without meeting her by making a detour, but somehow he could not bring himself to do this, and walking right on the inevitable rencontre followed. Soon after he found himself showing her bits of strange coloured rock that he had picked up by the way. Their eyes met often, and Jack sometimes almost forgot what he was saying as he watched, w^ith delight, the rich colour come and go in her cheeks. That night Marjorie tossed about in her berth. It was impossible to sleep with the strange new feeling of unrest, and she lay wondering what had come over her. She tried hard not to think of the day that had just passed. How she longed to sleep, then to wake up and find herself safely home again in Victoria. She had a weird feeling that somehow she was changed since yesterday, but it was a sensation she dared not analyse, and trv as she would she could not pre- vent that glow of pleasure stealing over her senses as her thoughts flew back again and again to the events of the day. It had all happened so suddenly, this meeting with a strange man who seemed to have fascinated her from the first, whose image .refused to be dethroned, and her heart was troubled. 22 WESTWAED HO! MAGAZINE. At three o'clock the following after- noon thev reached \ancouver, where lack was to stay a day to arrange about his passage to Japan. He told Marjorie of his intended visit to X'ictoria and begged to be allowed to see her there. She seemed uncertain what to say, but assured him that they would meet again. Two days later Jack Carrington was comfortablv seated in the cosy office of his friend Dick Hamilton, a prominent barrister of X'ictoria. "Vou see. I'm a different chap now." Dick was saying. "You remember how m\- old governor gave me up as a bad lot, five years ago, and shipped me out here. You remember how the mater wept when I left home ; she thought she was seeing me for the last time ; and you know of course the reason why Barbara .Manners broke off our engagement, and what a scandal there was sometime after when Vivian Leeds cut me loose, on ac- ■ count of that Tillv Truffles episode. "It was no use. Jack, they could do nothing with me at home. I wanted to go the pace, and I did sow wild oats with a vengeance. I might be sowing them still if it wasn't for my wife. Wait till you see her. Jack, the girl to whom I owe so much; the woman who saved me from myself. You know. Jack, that I never really believed in love. I used to scoff at it once, and say that it was all very well to fill up novels with and that sort of thing; but I didn't know then. 1 had never loved or possessed the love of such a woman, and I tell you now my life would not be worth living with- out her. Rut, I say, I am tiring you with all this. Now tell me. Jack, about yourself. Are you still the same staid old sage as ever, with never a thought for a woman ?" Jack got out of his chair to hide a blush and walked quickly to the window. His heart was filled with a shy longing to gri]) Dick's hand and tell him of the new found love that had so lately come into his life also. He remained there looking down intf) the street, thinking how he should begin, when suddenly his attention was attracted by a smart coupe. "Dick." he called. "Come over here and tell me who that girl is in brown, driving with an elderly lady. See, they are sto])ping just below your doorway." •'Why, old chap," Dick replied with pride, "that's Alarjorie, my wife. She must be coming up. I forgot to tell you, by the way, that she only came over yes- terdav after a two weeks' stay in Banff' with 'her mother. You will meet her." But Jack barely heard. His heart seemed suddenly to drop back into its old place with a heavy thud, and a sen- sation of utter despair gripped his soul. When he spoke his throat ached. "No, Dick, 'no, I can't wait now. You know I must do a little shopping before I dine with you tonight, so the pleasure must be postponed till then." In bewilderment he walked out into the street. What was thi<: that had sud- denly made everything dark? He must give up Marjorie? She was Dick's wife. A voice somewhere whispered "Fate." "Fate," he cried in misery. "Well, he would fool fate this time. Marjorie must be his. He loved her, and she? — ves he felt sure that she loved him. What did he care about Dick now? What did it matter about his life ? Noth- ing. He would take Marjorie away, and they would never be heard of again. He could easily manage that. Oh, the pity of it all! That day had been a trying one, too, for Marjorie Hamilton. There were times when she felt that it w'as impos- sible to live on as before. It surely could not be right ; it would be living a lie to do so. After all, would it be fair to Dick, to herself, to all concerned, to pretend? Yes. that's what life w^ould be henceforth — a pretence. She revolted at the very idea of pretending to love. Her thoughts w^ent back five years to the time wdm she became engaged to Dick Hamilton, and she recalled how her friends tried to persuade her to have nothing to do with him. But she would not listen to them, for she loved him then, and he — had he not proved his love for her? How proud she w-as when he won his first law' suit, and later on when his name was connected w'ith greater triumphs, he had said to her. in his love: "My wife, you have won. not I. If there had been no Marjorie Ham- ilton God only knows what w^ould have become of Dick." She had, indeed, been happv, and her love meant so much to Dick." A T T HE vS H A C K. 23 But there was that other overpowering inrtuence, drawing her away from all this ; an irresistible "something" whis- pering to her of happiness unknown, of life, and love as she had never even dreamed of them. Seven o'clock had just struck, and Dick was awaiting his old chum Car- rington. Dinner was to be served at seven-fifteen and all was in readiness. Marjorie walked restlessly about from room to room, a prey to suppressed ex- citement. Every time she heard a step her heart jumped. The sudden violent ringing of the door bell actually made her drop the vase of flowers she was placing on the tab'e and she tried hard to control herself when Dick handed her a note brought in by a messenger for him. She thought she never found reading so difficult in her hfe before. The words seemed to run into one another. Finally she made out the following : Dear Old Chap, — I cannot tell you how sorry I am, but the fact is I am unable to dine with you tonight for reasons I can only explain in the much hackneyed phrase that something unforseen lias happened which prevents me accepting- your kind hospitality. I am off for tlie Orient, Dicli, the old, restless, roving spirit possesses me stronger tlian ever. But I must say, old Chap, that I envy you your quaint beautiful island, an ideal L^topia, where one would gladly dream away one's life in peace and love. Good-bye Dick; if you ever want to look me up a letter to the Carlton will always And me. JACK. Ihe next night Jack Carrington paced the bro?.d deck of the outgoing Empress. He could easily distinguish the outline of the distant mountains. Gaunt shadows they were to him in the moonlight, that seemed with the motion of the boat, to glide into the dark sea. "Sloping, rich-coloured mountain sides," he mused, "once so full of warmth, life and promise, now all bleak and dreary ; black ghosts of the night, slipping away in the darkness. So my rich-coloured hopes of life and love, once aglow with the brighi promise of happiness are now all dead and like yonder phantoms slipping away into the dark sea of memorv." At The Shack. By Percy Flage. I read in the newspapers that Mark Twain is shortly to have the honour of dining with our King. If it is so let us hope that he remembers to profit by his experience with the German Emperor and to cut in at the after-dinner talk when fleeting occasion offers. William sent a friendly message to Mark on the latter's 70th birthday, and made tardy enquiry as to why he was so silent at a Royal dinner party some ten years ago. to which Mark in demur and rebuttal points out that there was no sufficient gap or hiatus in the flow of kingly speech to allow entry of ple- beian phrases. Probably Mark was bashful. Any- way he drawls when talking American and miscues his verbs in German. Very likely William tried to help him with an occasional "J^h !" or "Nein?" and Mark thought he was taking the count and so went down and out. William is so brisk — occasionally brusque. It will be different with Edward. For one thing, he enjoys a good cigar (Mark enjoys cigars too, but he won't be allowed to burn his favourite brand at Windsor, not if Scotland Yard stands where she did) and a cigar-smoking King gives openings. One wonders how they will play — this Yankee at the Court of King Ed- ward, and his wise old host. It might be a game of chess worth watching, or again, an idle exchange of pieces with r stalemate ending. Can a king escape from his crown far enough to merge for an hour his own personality with his very antipodes of man formation? 24 WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE. Can Tom Sawyer plus sixty years of roughing^ it and smoothing it as the fates ordained, pilot his way through the un- chanted soundings of a soul so different — not a foreigner this, nor a stranger, but a king? It is doubtful. They are both husked with years and the barnacles of environ- ment— both, although splendidly young in intellectual human interest, over old for a shifting of identities. The usual formalities of informal af- fability on the one part, and an artificial ease of manner on the other, may be followed more or less by the usual sigh of relief from the escaping man. and possibly a sigh of regret from the King, who never escapes. Rut the meeting, howsoever dull or brilliant it may be. will be remembered by both with pleasure : for they surely know each other already. The King has revelled enviously in the wild American boyhood of Huckle- berry Finn ; and Mark Twain, with the prophetic instinct of genius has written into his "Prince and Pauper" the very plot and intricacy of pawn and bishop, knight and castle, that should be plaved between them, save for the perverse dumbness of human tongues. King Edward is a famous peacemaker — I wonder if he knows that Mark Twain and Sir Walter — well, let us imagine a slice of conversation : Rex — Have I been misinformed, Mr. Clemens, in hearing that you entertain an antipathy to Sir Walter Scott ? Mark — Ye-es, your Majesty's infor- mant was too generous to my reputation as a host. T keep open house — in sum- mer— to my friends and my wife's poor relations — and a few poets — and Austin, when he comes over — but antipathies and publishers and sinners are fed from the back stoop and put to the wood pile. P.ut T don't cotton to Sir Walter — if \oii'Il excu.sc an Americanism. Rcy — C.ood old English, Clemens — T have you there. You'll find it in Die- ken's "Did Curiosity Shop." Rut is it true that you hold Scott responsible for the American war of Secession? \farh — To a large extent, sir. It's a tall order for one man. and there were of cotirsc many operating causes, but T hold his writings re.'^ponsiblc for devel- oping that fungus of sham chivalry and ginger-gilt gentility that spread over the south along about 1830 to 1850, till every nigger owning cross-roads plough pilot thought he was a heaven-born cavalier with the divine right of four pat kings! I beg your [Majesty's pardon — I — Rex — Never mind Clemens. Cut it out — if you'll excuse an Americanism. And Lincoln drew to three aces, and caught the other, didn't he? Well. well, there were sore hearts in the south. Let me see ! Did you — were you in the war ? Mark — I was sir. I am a veteran. I wrote a "History of a Campaign that Failed" and Billy Crinkle, a pension agent down our way. tried to get tiie a ])ension when Scribner or Harper or someone published it for me. He claimed that putting me in the Historian class was calculated to impugn my veracity as a raconteur and injured the sale of the "Uunping Frog." I didn't get the pension though — when they looked into my papers there was some flaw or other — I fought on the wrong side, I believe. Rex — Oh, you fought for the South? Mark — Well, I didn't fight enough to hurt. Didn't kill anyone, Fm sure. I never was much of a slaughtist. Fon- der of spectatoring than swash-buckling, to use a modern Aingloschism. Rex — Ah — yes. That schism was re- canted from, I believe. No, you were not intended for a great warrior. A Politician ? No. A Statesman ? Philo- sopher? Humourist? I have it — a Diviner ! Mark — A Diviner? Rex — Yes. You know those chaps who find w-ater by means of witch hazel and that sort of thing? Your metier is the finding of Truth. At the bottom of every well of public interest, beneath the troubled waters of policy, discussion, ex- pediency, is hidden a moral Truth. This you have always sought, and generally found, with your wonder-working witch hazel. Mafk — A jester's wand, your Majesty. Rex — No! a sounding rod — a plumb line— "Bv the deep. Mark Twain!" That's your slogan. A jester? Were your ours, Mark, the so'^alled jester would occupy our most sacred council chamber. Mark — T thank your Majesty for that. A T THE S H A C K. 25 But the parallel He, too, was a a Diviner for his Rex — Thank your stars and stripes, rather, that your duty lies in pleasanter places. So the night grows easily late ! I had intended, Mark, to discuss with you at some length the striking resemb- lances of Scott's life to yours. His great work as a successful and much loved author, his excursion into the publishing field, his financial disasters, his taking up of arduous labours at a time of life when well-deserved rest was due, to clear ofif debts of another's making. All this you have duplicated, goes farther, Mark, philosopher of Truth, people. "One," to quote from a friend who knew him well, "who would have gathered humanity under his wing, and while amused at its follies, would have saved it from folly and sheltered it from pain." A philosopher such as you, ]\[ark, and one who had not his British training, toughened his hide to the pin pricks of humanity's folly and the stabs of its pain, would have armoured his sensitive spirit with the cloak of a jester. No teacher of sham chivalry to his people, but a saviour of their birthright — a belief in and a reverence for the past, without which, hope for the future dies. Our England — from a dry rot of prose and progress and poverty of belief, was stimulated by his popular tales of knight and crusades. Moss Trooper and Monk to a study and grasp of our great heri- tage from -by-gone days. Our cathedrals and castles, our town walls and country hisfhwavs were there always, but we saw them not until, "by taking thought he added cubits to their stature" and taught us to understand. He taught Truth to England. Do not blame him if Ivanhoe made a poor seed- ling for Tennessee. It's uncertain work, judging Truth from a foreign point of view. I know an upright Scotsman who will not allow your books to enter his house, since he read half way through Tom Sawyer and found a certain heroic fib of Tom's classed morally with George Washing- ton's hatchet. Mark — The cawny deevil ! Well, well ; that's where Walter gets back at me through his brother Scot. Possibly I am wrong. Yes — I misjudged him — I mis- judged the race — not allow Tom Sawyer. Well, I forgive them both. Did he de- stroy the book, sir? or did he sell it to some Sassenach whose morals were toug-her or whose soul was of less im- portance ? Rex — H'm ! He presented me with the book. And now, since you are recon- ciled to Sir Walter, allow me to offer you this little gift as though from him (producing cigar case). The leather case is new, but the inlaid work is from Scott's favourite snuff box. The minia- ture inside is a copy by your old friend Abbey of the famous Scott portrait by Leslie — whose father, by the way, was an American. The cigar — I think — Mark — Pittsburg Stogies, by thunder! Edward, vou're a Prince ! When some pitiless fate has grasped with iron hand the fortune of a whole life, a heroic will stands up in a man's breast, and cries in calm defiance, "Take it, then; I can live my life without it," and then a noble self-respect over-masters the pain of bereavement, and we stand firmly and proudly among the ruins of our hopes. Adversity exasperates fools, dejects cowards, draws out the faculties of the wise, puts the modest to the necessity of trying their skill, awes the opulent, and makes the idle industrious. Much may be said in favour of adversity, but the worst of it is, it has no friends. ^ ^ * * ^ Life, according to the Arabic proverb, is composed of two parts: that which is past, a dream; and that which is to come, a wish. Great men lose somewhat of their greatness by being near us; ordinary men gain much. 30 W E S 1M\' A R D HO! M A G A Z I N E. All W. J. Cavanagh, Vancouver. ffOCHfnAr s, D/jmCL WESTERN Canada contains many instances of men, who by their indomitable energy and perseverance, have carved out careers of wonderful success. It is the purpose of this magazine to dis- cuss for the benefit and inspiration of its readers, marked instances of indi- vidual achievement. In this article we present a short biography of the life of Aid. W. J. Cavanagh, of Vancouver. Mr. Cavanagh was born and raised on a farm in Leeds County, near Brock- ville, ( )ntario. Some twenty years ago, at the age of twenty-five, Mr. Cavanagh accepted Horace Greeley's advice to young men and "went west." Upon arriving at Winnipeg, Man., he secured a position as travelling repVesentative of one of the leading wholesale shoe houses of that city. For eight years Mr. Cavanagh was a knight of the grip, covering the territory from Winnipeg to Victoria, and familiarising himself with the geography of Western Canada, knowledge that has proven so helpful to him during the past few years. Leav- ing the road he first became bookkeeper for The Ryan Shoe Co., of Winnipeg. Shortly after he met with an accident which jDlaced him out of active commis- sion for manv months. Five years ago last February, Mr. Cavanagh entered the vocation for which he is so eminently fitted, opening up a real estate office in Crystal City, Manitoba. At this time Mr. Cavanagh was still on crutches and $150.00 in debt. His success was re- markable from the start, but his health failed him. After a heavy attack of pneumonia his physicians recommended that he go South, which he did. spend- ine ten months recu])erating in Southern California. From his frequent visits to the Coast cities he was well acquainted with Van- couver, and had singled out this city as the apple of his eye. Mr. Cavanagh recognized Vancouver as Canada's West- ern port and the most promising zxXj in this fair Province. Upon finally de- ciding to enter the real estate field here, he took a position as traveller for The Baker, Leeson Co., that he might per- fect his knowledge of the city and pro- vince. After ten months on the road, he opened a real estate office on Cordova street, opposite the Grand Theatre, be- coming senior partner in the firm of Cavanagh & Baker, and afterwards of Cavanagh, Baker & Leeson. He was back to his life work again. Being opti- mistic regarding the city and its future, he enthused all with whom he came in contact and gathered around him an ever widening clientele and circle of friends. It was a time when personality counted for much and Mr. Cavanagh's ability placed him in touch with men who figured prominently in large affairs. He made money for himself and his clients. One achievement lead to an- other and in the brief space of time since he has accomplished wonders. Mr. Cavanagh himself attributes his great success to having the courage of his convictions. He has speculated in inside properties most profitably. Dis- solving partnership with his first Van- couver real estate business associates six months ago, Mr. Cavanagh opened the office now occupied by the firm of Cav- anagh & Holden. This firm whose business for the past half year has amounted to many millions, is among the largest property owners in the citv, owning blocks on Water, Hastings. Pender and Granville streets,. 28 WESTWAKI) HO! MAGAZINE. also on Westminster avenue. Its repu- tation for honesty and integrity is un- impeachable and its financial rating is over $250,cxx). In lanuary of the present year, Mr. Cavanagh was elected by acclamation to represent Ward 3 in the city council. He is a member of the Board of Works, Board of Water Works, Board of Health, Library Board and Art Historical So- cietv and a tireless worker in the city's interests. Mr. Cavanagh's faith in the future of the city has grown with his success and he predicts that within the present generation, X^ancouver will be one of the first cities of the Dominion. ''A Man Trap/' From the Russian of Leo Dorophavitch. By Clive Phillips-WoIIey. "C lUNNING goes further than force," says a Russian proverb, and we Jews, who hate the Russians, find them right in this at least. If you care to listen I will tell vou a story to illustrate the proverb. I am a money lender, and I always was a money lender since the time I had any money to lend, but lending is an anxious business and makes a man grow old t|uickly. Some Christians tell me that they worry when they are in debt. These. I think, must be fools. When I owe a man something I do not worry. That is his business. It is his money. But when anyone owes me anything then it is my business and I worry. ,\ch Gott ! how I worry until I have my roubles back with interest. Well. I was a money lender in a town in Southern Russia twenty years ago. They took me from Poland with many nf my co-religionists and tried to make me farm in the Crimea. It is true that the black land is good land, but who but a fool would farm, when he can make others farm for him and can take all their ])rofits and their farms to boot for a little vodka. .\t first it is given, then sold "on tick" as vou I'.nglish say. until harvest time comes and those (lebtors who cannot reap their own corn, (because the vodka seller makes them work out their debt at har- vest) must sell ilirir crops for what he will give. Do you think that I will "do a little work to get a little food, to gain a little strength, to do a little more work, to get a little more food, to gain a little more strength." etc.. as the story says? Oh. no. that is not a Jew's idea of busi- ness. That is the strong man's game and we Jews are not strong, we are cun- ning. So before long I slipped into a town again and when my story begins I had made more money than all the peasant farmers in the Crimea put together. I could have had half their farms if I had wanted them. The worst of it was that men knew that I was rich. It was no good to go about in old clothes. It was no good to live in a big house with no furniture, all bare and all cold except in the little back room, where I kept the windows shut, and the good stufif under the boards above which I slept or sat writing and counting. There were no banks I would trust in the town and the Russians — oh Lord — they would rob Satan. So T kept a man at last. T called him my nephew and I paid him to look like one, but he was only gipsy bred. I think, and a fool. There was in our town a great talk of my wealth, and just about that time someone began to rob with violence. T had known the Russian chief of po- lice take a woman's last silver spoon to identify eleven other spoons found in A MAN TEAR 29 her servant's chest, and keep the dozen. This was pretty smart for a Russian, but now men began to rob as they do it in England ; to break houses and men's heads and commit all manner of coarse- nesses. One day they found a sea captain on the hill above the town with his head split open. There was nothing in it. and there was nothing in his pockets, but the English consul swore that in the mans 'pockets there had been something. Then the robbers went to the port captain, an old man with a young wife, who spent his money on French furnish- ings, and they took away not only what he had in his chest of drawers but the drawers too. They thought the gild- ings were worth money. One night after this my nephew woke all at once and heard men on the roof. He knew that they were trying to come through the trap door into the little waiting room outside our parlor, and be- ing a sort of a Christian and a fool, he crept softly out of bed. Then, taking a big cavalry sabre, that I had in pawn from a Russian officer, he stole under the trap door and waited. If I had known that he would have been such a brave man I would not have done it, but I had thought of that trap door and shot the bolt on the inside, so that my nephew waited in vain. So far he had not done badly, but hearing the men slide off the roof, he must needs dash to the front door and unbarring it run out. He was in his nightshirt, and with sabre in hand pur- sued the two thieves down several streets, though there must have been a foot of snow in the streets and he barefooted. Of course he did not catch the thieves, but next morning when the story got about, everyone said that he was a very brave fellow, and old M must be very rich to keep so courageous a man to guard his wealth. That was bad enough, but when my nephew came to me for a present because of this thing, and I remembered that he had left the door open all the time he was running like a fool down those streets I nearly ate him. It was onlv because the thieves were bigger fools than that nephew of mine that I was not robbed that night. What? Of course I kicked him out. I could not afiford to keep so brave a man. I could not keep heroes or fools, so I got an old crone to sweep out the rooms I never used, and to light my one fire, and her I sent home somewhat os- tentatiously at nightfall and had the house to myself. Even so I could not make everyone be- lieve that I had no money. They knew I lent money, and probably there were ci-devant bank clerks among the thieves, men who had handled other people's money so long that they had grown hun- gry to handle some of their own, and these gentry would have known that I never trusted the banks. At any rate this is what happened : The house I lived in was built on the side of a hill, so that the upper story was on a level with the street. The lower story was below that level and looked out from the hill face. On the upper story was my best par- lour where I used to receive my richer clients. Old M 's web they called it. A great corridor lead from the street through this upper story, past "the web" and below was my own room and the kitchen. The street door of the corridor was a massive one, very dilapidated as to paint, but solid as Russian oak could make it, and across the centre of it was a great beam, which fitted into iron sockets. Unless a man could move or break this beam it would be useless to pick the lock and I need not say that I put up the beam every night with my own hands. T had told my rosary as I used to call it, counting up the money I had out and the money I had in, and was sleeping lightly as my wont was, when I woke at the gnawing of a rat. Now rats only come where there is waste, and there were no scraps unused about my place. Scraps were the main part of my old crone's pay. They were worth quite twenty-five kopeks a week with the rouble at ten to the pound ster- ling. I did not believe that it was a rat and I soon knew that I was right. Rats don't have steel teeth and I could hear the little ring of those teeth in the- frosty stillness. Quietly I stole upstairs in my list slip- so WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE. pers. The corridor, of which one side was of glass, where it was inaccessible from below, was bright with moonlight, and the first glance showed me a little steel tongue flickering backwards and forwards below my wooden bar. For a moment that gave me a quaking fit. I could see that it was a circular saw and that if the villain who used it should succeed in sawing out a piece large enough to admit his arm. he would lift my bar and have me and my gold at his mercy. But the next minute I grinned with delight. An idea had occurred to me, and I crept back to my den afraid only that I might be heard or might not be quick enough. I was in luck. The saw was still at work when I got back with what I want- ed. I stole up to the door and flattened myself against it so that I could not only hear the thieves whispering, but could hear them breathing on the other side. And one of them was my nephew ; my discharged hero ! Well that did not surprise me. neither was I surprised at the deft way in which the panel was withdrawn from outside as soon as the saw had done its work. These were no tyros to let the piece come crashing on my polished floor in the stillness of the night. But I think somebody was surprised a little later. For a minute there was silence. They were looking past me down the corridor. "All right the old weasel is asleep," said a voice I knew, and then a hand came through to the elbow and bent up- wards to lift the beam. It was delicate work then. I had the loose end of my rope already round the iron staple, but I had to adjust my noose round those nervous clutching fingers. If I had touched them ever so lightly I should have lost the game. A young man might have been nervous, his hand might have shaken, but mine was cold and steady as the winter sky outside. Then I bore on the loose end of the rope with all my might. The good hemp drew taut like the folds of a serpent, un- till the blue veins in the hand almost burst and I yanked and hauled until the arm was strained from wrist to elbow to the very utmost, so I made all fast. If you will think for a minute, a man with his arm in that position would be helpless to use his other arm, and I sup- pose the fool who bolted, took the saw. If they did not come back in force and burst in my door, I was safe and so was my captive safe, as a rat in a gin. I hardly thought they would risk the noise that a violent entry might entail. "Good-night nephew !" I must back to bed. It is cold in this corridor and my blood is not as warm as thine." With that I shuffled oflF to bed, and slept soundly until some busybodies woke me, to tell me that a man had frozen to death on my doorstep. His blood must have cooled in the nisfht. Curiosity has destroyed more women than love. — Madame de Pinzieux. * * * * * Poetry is the beauty of ideas — distinct from the beauty of things. ***** If thy conscience smite thee once, it is an admonition; if it smite thee twice, it is a condemnation. It is the man who determines the dignity of the occupation not the occupation which measures the dignity of the man. ***** There is an alchemy in manner which can convert everything into gold. ***** We esteem people less for what they are worth, than for what they are worth to us. ***** Sincerity does not consist of speaking your mind on all occasions, but in doing it when silenve would be censurable and falsehood inexcusable... The Challenge of the Mountains, By C. J. Lee Warner, NO country in the world can equal British Columbia either for magnificent scenery or wild life. The opportunities for mountain climbing are unlimited, and the scenery on all sides in the various mountain chains and their sub-ranges far outstrips in grandeur and rugged beauty any- thing of its kind in other parts of the world. The glamour of the wild is throughout the Far West, and the lure of the beetling crags is intensified by the conquest of some rock girt fastness. To the aspiring mountaineer they hold out the most alluring of all prospects, the achievement of a "first ascent." There is such a wide variety of moun- tain climbing to be had, both in point of A Mountain Lake. altitude and in the nature of the ascent, that no traveller, paying even a brief visit to the Canadian Rockies, leaves thtni with feelings of disappointment. Sd evenly distributed are the points of interest that at the favourite summer re- sorts, Banff. Laggan, Field, Golden and (-■lacier, they are easily accessible. Tn fine weather and amid such inspir- iii;;- scenery few outdoor pleasures rival that of mountaineering. The allure- ments of the interior are enhanced by the scope afforded to the big game hunter. The territory is so vast in this ^^<)nderland that a great part of it must always remain wild. The enormous nmuntain areas preclude the possibility rf anything more than the settling of the valleys and lower slopes ; though the southern portion of the Province is gra- dually assuming the appearance of a huge fruit garden. So extensive are Cana- dian areas that the primeval will be left for generations, although the tide of Empire is continually advancing further and further west. It is certain, however, that with additional transportation faci- lities in the northland (as yet untouched) and an ever wider knowledge of the pos- sibilities of British Columbia, visitors and settlers will rapidly increase in num- bers. There is no fear of the mountain districts of the Pacific Province ever be- ing overrun in the same sense as Swit- zerland is today, for, as Mr. Whymper has said, "here are fifty or sixty Swit- zerlands rolled into one." The best time of year to start climb- ing in British Columbia is in June ; ex- cellent ascents, however, can be made as early as April, since in that month the days are of fair length, and the ice slopes and bergschrunds are filled solid with packed snow. Starting early, be- fore the sun has risen, the party begins the ascent through the forest which clothes the mountain's base. Then up in the brilliant sunshine, past great boulders and skirting round cliffs soon to "rope up," and with complete confidence In the guide, pursue one's way, surmounting difficult angles, hand over hand, up the sheer face of the precipice ; stepping warily along the arete, for on the right hand is a sharp drop of a thousand feet, on the left a long steep snow slope stretching away into a valley where as yet man has never trod, and the arete is only a foot wide. Alt last the summit is reached, where the wind blows keenly and sets the pulses throbbing. All hearts are filled with wonder at the glorious panorama. Great white neves and sparkling cas- cades form a silver network down the abyssmal depths of green valleys, leaving the senses overpowered and bewildered. So great beyond comprehension is the artistrv of Nature. 32 \\' E S T \y A K 1) H O : .M A G A Z I X E. The Rocky Mountains reveal some re- markably fine scenic effects such as the great Victoria Glacier overshadowing beautiful Lake Louise, a sight never to be forgotten. Higher up are the Lakes in the Clouds, Lake Mirror and Lake Agnes. Ten miles from Lake Louise chalet is ^Moraine Lake in the Valley of the Ten Peaks ; and not . far distant is another amphitheatre of scenic glory, the frosted battlements of Paradise Valley. Language is inadequate to describe the bold and rugged beauty of these wonder-, ful mountains ; mediaeval glaciers, snow- capped bastions, dashing cataracts, yawning canons, lakes of crystal clear- ness with dark, solemn pine-clothed shores — a continuous display in which the purest, the wildest and the grandest forms of nature are displayed. Field stands at the gateway of a re- gion more exquisite than any yet dis- covered, superior throughout in majestv, and in beauty of detail even to the far- famed Yosemite. Once some hunters, keen in the pursuit of mountain goat, after crossing a high divide to the north-west of Field, came to an unknown valley of such surprising gran- deur and loveliness that theye were lost in amazement. "Yoho !" exclaimed the foremost Indian, who rode with them, and by this name the valley has since been called. The Yoho Valley is rich in waterfalls, the mightiest of which Takakkaw, bursts from a lip of the Yoho glacier. It is full of deep fissures and rockv spurs, level lawns of rich green sward, clothed with stately trees, and pictur- esque upland tarns and cataracts innu- meral)le. High up against .the sky line runs a jagged wave of snow-topped sierras of new colours and fantastic forms. A deep, richly wooded valley in- tervenes, along which swirls and plunges the Columbia. The new mountains are the Selkirks, in which big game, bear es- pecially, is even more abundant than in the Rockies. To the north and south stretch the Rockies on the one hand and the Sel- kirks on the other, widelv differing in aspect, but each indescribablv grand. P.oth rise from the Columbia River in a succession of trcc-clad terraces ; and soon leaving the timber line behind, shoot up into the glistening regions of perpe- tual snow and ice. The Emerald, the Witch's Crown, the Wapta, and the tongues which protrude from the Waputek Glacier all rank among the greatest ice fields in the world. Among the marvels on this, the west side of the Rocky Mountains, is the great Asulkan Glacier in the Valley of the Asulkan Creek. It is a gem of moun- tain beauty, where a series of white cas- cades foam through vistas of dark spruce and fir. where tumbling cataracts of fiy- Asulkan Valley and Creek. ing spray leap from ledges above, an< open meadow lands cause the climber tc list for the tinkle of the Alpine herd Angular peaks stand out in every di- rection. Afton with th- sharp cone', the l of the more prominent features of the miner's occupation. In the first place, there is in practically every man's heart a natural fear of the dark and the underground — born, so some scientists tell us, of hereditary im- pressions resulting from great geologi- cal catastrophies and attendant terrible conditions which afflicted the human race before the dawn of authentic history. The habit and custom of their daily toil dull this sentiment in most miners, the lack of education and its accompanying curse of a too vivid imagination deaden it in many others ; but, though not con- sciously felt all the time, the fear is always present, and lends a peculiar horror to even the most trifling accident in a mine. The writer knows whereof he speaks, having on more than one oc- casion had to wriggle through a caved- in tunnel, where there was not even room to crawl on your hands and knees, where the long splinters projecting from massive roof-timbers, which had been cracked like match-wood that very day under the weight of the hundreds of thousands of tons of rock above them, caught in your clothes as you lay : where no man dared to speak above the light- est whisper, lest the vibration of the air should bring about the final collapse of those crushed and shattered timbers. A few experiences of that sort give a better idea of the hardships and perils of a miner's life than all the newspaper articles and political speeches in the country put together. It is only justice to the miner to re- mark here that the manly overcoming of this fear in the hour' of trial and dan- ger lends an additional glory to the numerous acts of self-sacrificing heroism in the face of death which are so often to he noted in mining accidents. Tt is not on record that there has ever been any lack of volunteers for a rescue party LABOUE UJnTIONS AND MINING. Z1 at a mine catastrophe, no matter how- great the danger. Then there is, in addition to the danger of large catastrophies. and the depressing gloom in which the work is carried on. a large number of lesser, because indi- vidual, hardships and perils. A careless comrade, an insecurely fastened ladder, a fall of rock, a flaw in this or that piece of machinery, a fuse that hangs or a fvise that runs, a missed hole after a blast, a slip on the edge of stope or winze — these and a score of other accidents dog the footsteps of the underground toiler through every hour of his working da}-. Then, no matter how perfect the system of ventilation — and it is oftentimes very far from perfect — the depth below the surface and the fumes of powder make the atmosphere very trying ; while in a drv mine there is dust and in a wet mine there is damp, water under your feet, water dripping from the tunnel-roof, water r'unning down the walls. And when the shift is over and the miner emerges from the shaft, heated and exhausted with his work and drenched with perspiration, he may find a biting wind, a driving rain, or a raging snow- storm waiting for him outside, with the bunk-house and dry clothes anything from a hundred yards to half a mile away. And the shorter distance often provides quite enough exposure to bring on the dreaded pneumonia. Now, mining in one shape or another has been going on ever since man dis- covered the uses of the metals and fuel stored in the bowels of the earth ; and fof many centuries the miner was a per- son whose work was rough, hard and dangerous and therefore — odd as it may seem — very poorly paid. He was not, in most countries, very far removed from a savage in regard to culture and edu- cation, and, except when he went on a spree, or had a grievance against his employers and sought to express his feel- ings by a riot, the world of fresh air and sunshine knew very little about him, ex- cept that it burnt the coal or forged the metals which he extracted from the depths. But, in modern times, came edu- cation— free education. x\nd several things resulted from that. Many very excellent, but very foolish, people think that free education makes men happy. It does nothing of the kind ; but it makes them think. And when free education got down to the miner, he thought a good deal. He learnt that people above ground did pretty well with the rough stuff which he tore, with toil and danger, from tunnel and shaft. He learnt that many people, whose work was nowhere near as hard and unpleasant and dangerous as his, got much bigger wages than he did. He learnt that, while one man by himself can seldom get what he wants, a number of people holding together and determined to ob- tain their desires, generally do obtain them, because they are so numerous a body of men that people have a delicacy about refusing them. And having learnt all this and a good deal besicles, he thought some more. And then came the Miner's Union. Was it — is it — a good thing or a bad thing? Well, like most human efforts and productions, it was a mixture of both, and remains so today. In so far as it has been used to improve the con- ditions among which the underground toiler works, and has given him a fair wage and shorter hours of labour, it is a good thing ; for it is not well for any country that any section of its workers should be kept in the condition of brutes and slaves. Taken all in all, though subject to many abuses by cor- rupt and unscrupulous men, the Aliners' Union has been in the main a good thing. The miner asked for a square deal. Un- der an ideal system of government — that "benevolent and intelligent system of despotism" of which the late Prince Bismarck thought so highly — he would have got that square deal without asking for it. Under existing conditions, how- ever, his only chance was to organize and, by united effort, secure what the government of the country would not order his employers to give him as an individual. Let us look now at the mining com- pany which emplovs the miners and with- out which — be it remembered — there would be no mines, and no employment for miners. On a very large proportion of this North American continent the earth contains a variety of metals and non-metallic minerals of industrial value. The mining of these substances is an 38 WESTWAED HO! MAGAZINE. important industry, as a natural conse- quence. In some sections, notably in British Columbia, it is the principal in- dustf}'. Unfortunately, with the rare exception of some of the richer placer gold fields, this mineral wealth is neither easily nor quickly obtained. It is not at all the sort of thing that a poor man can go in for with the expectation of acquiring a fortune, a competency or even a modest livelihood, by the unaided strength of his own muscles. You do not handle a rich ore-field with the same ease that you do a potato plot — digging up its con- tents and carrying them to market on your own back. It requires an immense expenditure of money for wages, for machinery, for supplies — an expenditure, too, continued over several years — before even the richest mine will begin to put figures on the profit side of the ledger. The term varies with local, metallurgi- cal and geological conditions, but a rough average may be safely struck by saying that it takes five years to make a mine. This is where the mining company comes in. The mineral, or satisfactory indications thereof, having been discov- ered, competent men pronounce on the probabilitv of the property turning out a rich ore. and estimate the cost, both in disbursements of cash and expendi- ture of time, which will be necessary to make it a productive and profitable con- cern. A company is then formed and duly incorporated, its various members and shareholders putting up a sufficient sum to employ men at the current rate of wages, to purchase machinery and supplies, and meet such other expenses as may be necessary. The sum required is certain to be large, and is at times enormous, but it is necessary to secure it if the property is to be developed into a i^roductive mine. It is to be remembered in this connec- tion that not merely a large sum of money is required, but that the said sum will return no profits to those investing it for — a.s shown previously — an aver- age per'iod of five years. Moreover. there is always the chance — though modern scientific knowledge and improv- ed methods of ore treatment have greatly reduced the danger — tl-.nl the mineral may either disappear altogether with depth, or may so materially change for the worse in quality and quantity as to render the property no longer profitable to work. And the burden of this uncer- tainty is not the least among those which the mining company must shoulder, for, if such a misfortune happens, they have spent their money to no purpose. Their miner's will have received their wage every pay-day, the company's liabilities for supplies and machinery will have been promptly met ; and yet. after two, three or four years of steady develop- ment work, the company may find that all its money has been put into a hole in the ground which wall never yield back one cent of it. It wall thus be seen that, if the miner runs risks of one kind, the mining company runs risks of another, and it is well to remember this fact when reflecting upon the high profits made by some few of the more successful. Let it be granted, however, that the mine is finally upon its feet, with plenty of fair-grade ore in sight and every- thing running smoothly. Then the min- ing company takes the amount which the ore is worth after treatment. Is this clear profit? No, though lots of people talk as if it were. There is the imme- diate cost of the labour and machinery used in extracting the ore ; also the cost of the labour and machinery employed, it may be for years, in bringing the mine to the point where it would produce this ore ; also the fact that people who have waited five years before seeing any re- turn on their money are entitled to a pretty handsome profit when returns do come in. Add all these things together, and you will soon see that the real profits of a successful mining company are not so very great after all- — nowhere near as large in proportion as the profits of a big dry-goods firm or departmental store, where they have nothing like the same expenses for labour or material. And it is easv to comprehend that any marked reduction in the quantity or quality of the ore. or any marked increase in the cost of its treatment or of its extraction from the mine, may readily bring the concern to the point where expenses ex- ceed returns, and operations must of necessity cease. Now. in fair justice to the miners' LABOUR U1^I0]^S AND MININa 39 union and the mining company, it must be said that, in very many cases, both of the parties have shown a clear com- prehension of each other's positions. There are plenty of mining companies — • it is unnecessary to mention names — who have been working for years without ever having had any friction with their men. More than this, in not a few cases wages have been voluntar'ily raised by the companies. All over this continent mines are to be found where employer and employee work together in perfect harmony. And the question mav well be asked — why should it not be so in every case? There are two principal answers to this question. One fault lies with the Miners' union, the other one with the mining company. Taking the case of the union first, it must be remembered that every such organization — even as also every mining company — is composed of human beings, necessarily imperfect and possessed of human failings. There are black sheep in every flock, and the fact that a man belongs to a miners' union does not of necessity imply that he is either honest or industrious. Of course, it is not fashionable to make such a statement as this now-a-days, but as this article is not written for the purpose of catching votes, the luxury of truth may for once be indulged in. Thus, then, it is no matter of surprise to the man who knows himself and his fellowmen to be told that, while the prin- cipal cause of the formation of the mi- ners' union was the just and natural de- sire of honest and industrious men to secure fair dealing by the only means left to them, there were among their ranks those who saw in the movement a chance to make "easy money," to secure a lux- urious livelihood at the expense of their fellowmen — in a word, to "exploit" their brother workmen even as those workmen had hitherto been "exploited" by their employers. And they also clear- ly perceived, as time went by and the new era of things came to be accepted, that, if the miner's union and the mining company were to be allowed to dwell to- gether in harmony, the profits of the said "exploiting" would be very small indeed. Then arose the class which, under the various names of "organizer," "walking delegate," "labour member," and a host of similar disguises, has done, and is still doing, for the sake of their own sordid gain, so much to embitter the re- lations between the mining company and the miners' union. Glib of tongue, soft of hand, well-fed and well-dressed, ever ready with the specious stock arguments which idleness and knavery have invent- ed as an excuse for the low hatred of another's man's success which lurks in many human hearts they travel in lux- ury from point to point, stirring up strife and ill-feeling between Labour and Capi- tal^the two classes who, of all classes in the world, are most dependent each upon the other and have most reason to work together peaceably. These men are always talking of "graft" ; but what graft is like unto their graft? They are ready to shout about the rights of the work- ingmen, but have never a word about the duties of the workingman. And the genuine miner, the man who is really doing his work and his duty, puts his hand in his pocket and pays out money to keep these human vampires in idle- ness and luxury, under the impression that they are "protecting his interests." Turn now to the other reason why the miners' union and the mining company do not always live in harmony — where it is the fault of the mining company. Its members are also human beings, and iquite as likely to want more than they are entitled to as are the members of the miners' union. Moreover, on this con- tinent, the man with money has less con- sideration for the man without it than in any other part of the civilized world. This is because, owing to the great op- portunities for the speedy acquisition of wealth which are oflFered by the rapid development of this country's natural re- sources, the vast majority of the men of monev today began life without a cent, being labourers themselves. Now, it is a well-known fact that no man is so cruel to the poor as a poor man grown rich. The old proverb regarding the beggar on horse-back is as true today as it "every w^as. And, while some men of wealth have learned wisdom and consid- eration in dealing with those who work for them, there aie manv who have not the capacity to learn. This may seem a curious thing to say of a rich man, but 40 WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE. the fact is that the abiHty to acquire wealth is by no means a proof of any very general intelligence. Xow, men who understand the ques- tion strongly discourage the placing of individuals of this sort in any position of aiuhority upon the board of a mining company. But. in many cases, this pre- caution is not exercised. The result is that a man of grasping, arrogant, vul- garly tyrannical nature is put in a posi- tion where all his bad qualities can rage unchecked. And then trouble comes, and not merely the mining company, but the whole community suffers. .\ marked instance of placing a man wholly unfitted by nature and training in the position of manager of a mining company has recently been afforded dur- ing some labour troubles very fresh in the public's memory. And it would seem to be a question for a Federal sta- tute. The argument that because a man is a good lawyer and well-to-do, he is therefore, fitted to be a good mine man- ager, is too childish to be discussed. It is typically the viewpoint of a countrv which is the Paradise of the "Jack of all trades and master of none" ; but it is neither common sense nor business. Great Britain handles her mines considerably better than any other country in the worid. Please to consider the howl of derision which would greet the appoint- ment of a London barrister as manager of a Cardiff colliery. The manager of a mining company should be a trained and skilled miner himself. He needs to be other things besides, but the law should see to it that he has at least that qualification. He should know the men's needs, understand from practical experience their point of view, and be a man of sufificient sense and personal pride to be above that ridi- culous snobbery and indifference to the wants, feelings and comforts of others which the possession of a few dollars — often how ridiculously few — seems to have a trick of breeding in the self- raised "man of the people." It has not been possible in this brief sketch to give more than what, it is hoped, is a fair outline of the different sides of a difficult and complex sub- ject. He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves, and sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper. ***** It is not the number of facts he knows, but how much of a fact he is himself that proves the man. ***** Have you never observed that if you conscientiously neglect to do your work it somehow manages to get done without you?— Henry Harland. ***** The happiest of pillows is not that which love first presses; it is that which death has frowned upon and passed over. * * * * ' * A man must be bolted and screwed to the community before he can work well for its advancement; and there are no such bolts and screws as children. It is not the great matters, the supreme joys, which fasten upon the human heart with such force, but the small interests and pleasures— the unnoticeable violets— from which the departure is so painful. ***** The purest joy is unspeakable, the most impressive prayer is silent and the most solemn preacher at a funeral is the silent one whose lips are cold. *^ ***** Love one human being purely and warmly, and you will love all. The heart in this heaven, like the wandering sun, sees nothing, from the dew-drop to the ocean, but a mirror which it warms and fills * cj- Kvi_e-» Both Mistaken. An iron hoop bounced through the area raihngs of a suburban iacly's house recently, and played havoc with the kitchen window. The lady waited, anger in her heart, and a fighting light in her eye, for the appearance of the hoop's owner. Presently he came. "Please, Fve broken your winder, ma'am," he said, "and 'ere's father to mend it." And, sure enough, he was followed by a stolid looking gentleman, who at once started work, while the small boy ran ofif. "That'll be two-and-threepence, ma'am," announced the glazier, when the window was whole once more. "Two-and-threepence," gasped the lady. "But your little boy broke it. The little fellow with the hoop, you know. You're his father, aren't you?" The stolid man shook his head. "Don't know him from Adam," he said. "He came round to my place, and told me his mother wanted her winder mended. You're his mother, ain't you ?" And the ladv shook her head also. Collected. " Fare." The passenger gave no heed. " Fare, please." Still was the passenger oblivious, " By the ejaculatory term 'fare,' said the conductor, "I imply no reference to the state of the weather, the complexion of the admirable blonde you observe in the contiguous seat, nor even to the quality of service vouchsafed by this philanthropic corporation. I merely allude in a manner perhaps lacking in delicacy, but not in conciseness, to the monetary obligation set up by your presence in this car, and suggest that, without contemplating your celerity with punctuation, you liquidate. At this point the passenger emerged from his trance. Mrs. Clybel — " The boy grows more like his father every day." The Caller — "Poor dear! And have you tried everything?" 42 WESTWARD HO! M A G A Z I IS^ E. What Would You Expect? " The Scotch," said Secretary Wilson of the Department of Agri- culture, " are certainly a witty people. , Now, there was a visitor in the little town of Bowdoin who, on looking about, saw no children, buo only grown men and women. He wondered at this and finally, meeting a weazened old man on the street, inquired : 'How often are children bom in this town ?' " " 'Only once,' the man replied, as he proceeded on his way." The Fortune-Teller's Mistake. Fortune-Teller — " Beware of a short, dark woman with a fierce eye. She is waiting to give you a cheque." Male Visitor (despairingly) — " No she ain't. She's waiting to get one from me. That's my wife." Answered. " Begad, Mrs. Smart, where do you keep your complexion?" " Where you lost yours. Major — in a bottle !" "Any Wife to Any Husband." " Hang it all, my cigar's gone out," he said. " It spoils a cigar, no matter how good it may be, if you let it go out." '■ A cigar," she observed, " is, in that matter, not unlike a man." Poor Henry. There have been many strange things in our country's history. One of the most curious was recently mentioned by a little schoolgirl. " The hydra," said this much-informed young person, "was married to Henry the Eighth. When he cut her head off another one sprang right up." Of Course Not. A man accompanied by his wife visited a merchant to order a suit of clothes. The couple differed as to the material and cut of the suit and the wife lost her temper. " Oh, well," she said, turning away,' "please yourself. I suppose you are the one who will wear the clothes." "Well," observed the husband meekly, "I didn't suppose you'd want to wear the coat and the waistcoat." Worse to Follow. " All these stories the papers are printing about you are lies "said the politician's friend. "Why don't you make them stop it^" "I would," replied the politician, "but I'm afraid they'd begin printinc^ the truth then." j ^ i ^ "Ah. your language. Eet ees so difficult."—" Wliat's the matter, count ? 1' irst, zis novel eet say ze man was unhorsed."—" Yes >" Zen it say he was cowed." Mrs. Newwed— " Bridget, I saw you kiss that man." Bridget- Sure, mum. an' yez wouldn't have me resist an officer av the law ould vcz mum?" would ycz mum?" HELPS TO SMILE 43 Speak the truth, and — shock everybody you come near. A miss is as good as — another miss, and often very much better. The nearer the church the — more convenient in rainy weather. The Better day the — Derby day. If wishes were horses — what a number of broken necks there would be ! Has it ever struck you what an amazing iquantity of the "reformed" actress runs to waist? One man may steal a horse — but if he does, two men will probably hale him before a magistrate. One who knows how it is herself says : " The man who is awfully urbane to his wife before strangers is also her bane behind their backs !" An elderly maiden purchased an Egyptian mummy the other day for a parlour ornament. She said it would seem better to have a man about, even if he was advanced in life and withered. One of the great attractions of an Indian travelling circus is thus advertised : — " During acts of familiarity with the lion." " When men break their hearts," remarks a cynical female writer, " it is the same as when a lobster breaks one of its claws — another sprouts immediately and grows in its place." It is said that a dog on a wrecked vessel did not show any solicitude about getting a place in any of the boats in which the pas- sengers escaped. That was probably because he had a bark of his own. A lady in Grosvenor Square is reported to have given " a little dance after a big dinner " this week. A big dance after a little dinner would have been more conducive to health. An Indian came to a certain agent in the northern part of Iowa to procure some whisky for a young warrior who had been bitten by a rattlesnake. " Four quarts !" repeated the agent, with surprise. " As much as that?" "Yes," replied the Indian, "four quarts — snake very big." A good story of Lord Cardigan is told. Shortly before his death he reviewed a famous Hussar regiment, and, on making the usual speech, said, with more emotion than he usually showed, " I am getting old, gentlemen, and, in all probability, I shall never again review this magnificent regiment this side the grave." 44 WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZI^^E. Not Her Husband. A well-gowned, well-groomed woman with a Vere de Vere face and a shabby man who had reached the drowsy age of intoxication were the occupants of one of the side seats in a car the other day. All the other seats in the car were full, so the woman could not change, but she sat as far as possible from her unpleasant fellow-passenger, and the seat, which accommodates three people comfortably, and four in a pinch, was sufficient for these two only. By and by another woman got on the car. She looked around a little wistfully, and then reached for a strap. She was tired. It is tiresome, sometimes, to go around and just look at cats. But she hung on to the strap heroically until the conductor came along and saw the situation. " Madame." he said to the woman with the Vere de Vere face, "would you mind moving up a little?" The woman paid no attention. " ]\Iadame," he repeated a little louder, and with traces of slowly rising vexation, " would you mind moving up a little?" The woman gazed indifferently at the houses that were sliding by on the horizon, and made no sign. " Madame," said the conductor again, this time in a voice that carried to far corner of the car, " would you mind asking your husband to move up?" The woman came back to earth with a violence that would have put to shame any ten cats. " Husband !" she shrieked, as she poked the button to stop the car. " Husband ! He's no husband of mine." And as she flounced off the car six or seven blocks from whence she had intended to go the w'oman who had been to the cat show slipped wearily into the vacant seat. And the man who had brought on all the trouble slept peacefully on. A celebrated French preacher, in a sermon on the duties of wives, said, " I see in this congregation a woman who has been guilty of disobedience to her husband, and in order to point her out I will fling my breviary at her head." He lifted his book and every female instantly ducked. A young lady became so much dissatisfied with a person to whom she was engaged to be married, that she dismissed him. In revenge, he threatened to publish her letters to him. " Very well," replied the lady. " I have no reason to be ashamed of any part of my letters except the address." It was a menage a trois, Lucien Lucille his wife, and Alphonse his friend. Alphonse looked very dejected one day, and Lucien asked him what was the matter. " Mon cher ami." said Alphonse with his eyes moistened with tears, " J'ai fait unc triste decouverte ; Lucille n'est pas fidele 3. nous." ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE John Roberts ONIONS VA^CODVZR OFflCE ^OR RICHARD AND HASTINGS ^is VDVEKTISIXG SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE | "Golden West," is the Monarch of Soaps They crowned it not long ago On a throne of rocks, in a robe of clouds With a diadem of snow. Strength - Purity - Excellence Standard Soap Co. Ltd. CALGARY. ALT/V. ^ VANCOUVER B.C. 5TANPAR1D BE(0)MERA(0)f: C©. Liniteid). -^ BRir/sf^ (OLum/A /ffmm^rAmes ^ 14^4 Water St Vancouver ROCHFOHl t- /WV, ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE V^EBSTER'S INTERNATIONAL DICTIONART A LIBRARY TS ONE BOOK. President Mliot of Harvard £t- tingly says: "The International is a wonderfully compact storehouse of accurate information." Besides an accurate, practical, and scholarly vocabulary of Eng- lish, enlarged with 25,O00 NEW WORDS, the International con- tains a History of the English Language, Guide to Pronuncia- tion, Dictionary of Fiction, New Gazetteer of the World, New^ Bio- graphical Dictionary, Vocabulary of Scripture Names, Greek and Latin Names, and English Chris- tian Names. Foreign Quotations, Abbreviations, Metric System, Flags of all Nations, including Cuba and Panama. State Seals. 5000 ILLUSTRATIONS. 2380 PAGES. SHOULD YOU NOT OW^N SUCH A BOOK in order to anstrer quickly and 'with final authority the many questions arising daily concerning new words, spelling, pronuncia- tion, definition, etymology, and synonyms; also questions concerning places, noted peo- ple,f oreign ^vords and many other subjects? 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The Week devotes three columns of every issue to sporting comment which is written by a veteran athlete. The Week is the only society journal published in B. C. The Week circulates in every town and district in the Province. Subscription $1 a year SINGLE COPIES Sc. Published by The Week Publishing Company at 88J4 Government St., Victoria, and 5:^6 Hastings St.. Vanc'ouver. ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE ROCHESTER and CAMPBELL Gasoline Engines and Supplies 2i to 100 H. P., 1 to i Cylinders. Plans and Specitications of Complete Launches, 16 to oO feet. A. W. LePAGE, 667 Granville Street, VANCOUVER, B. C. COIA/CR.BjC. ADVEKTISIXG SECTION, WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE Zbc mHorlb VANCOUVER, B. C. THE EVENING WORLD goes into 80 per cent, of the homes of Vancouver, also the greater percentage of the homes in the [^ Province. THE EVENING WORLD has the largest street sales in British Columbia. THE EVENING WORLD carries more real live news than any other paper published in British Columbia. THE EVENING WORLD is recognised as the best advertising medium in British Columbia. The proof of this statement is shown by the merchants and others who patronise its columns to such an extent that THE WORLD CARRIES MORE ADVERTISING MATTER THAN ANY OTHER PAPER IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. THE EVENING WORLD in a word, is the best productive medium and has stood the test"=" IT MAKES GOOD." ADVEimSlNG SEC^TIOX, WESTWARD IIO ! MAGAZITsTE mm// ^^""OLUNB/AS ^/^ST. fEALm vim srm W/ll\ rrUP EUQENERChANDLER ^ <^ T/MBE,f? LANDS ano WI/ZJTMZNT5 407 Hastings St. VANCOUVER B.C. P>ocH'^»r ^ oKhiki.-. VM^aJT ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE HOME INDUSTRY J Do you know that seventy-tive cents out of every dollar you deposit with the local banks at 3 per cent, is being used to ease the money stringency in New York and the east, thus drawing away from 3'^our city the very food necessary for its commercial and indus- trial development? Invest your savings in Vancouver real estate. If $1,000 invested is not worth more than an advance of $30 in twelve months, then our advice is "Do not touch it." If you can see through this advt., then either come and consult our large lists of pro- perties on which we will guarantee you better results, or write us for particulars of same. E.H.I?OOME^ GOO Westmiksteri AVE. mNCoUVCR B.C. ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE ^ SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL $500,000.00 RESERVE FUND $50,000.00 Dominion Crust Co., Dd. ABSOLUTE SECURITY ASSURED Four Per Cent. Allowed on Deposits. ADVISORY BOARD. J. B. Mathers, Manager. W. D. Brydone-Jack, M.D. T. T. Langlois. Wm. Henderson. James Stark. James Ramsay. W. H. P. Clubb. F. R. Stewart, Geo. E. Drew, New Westminster. Robert Martin. John R. Gray. J. A. Thomson, Treasurer. DIRECTORS EXECUTORS. REAL ESTATE. SAVINGS BANK. TRUSTEES. INSURANCE. VALUATORS. Geo. Martin. E. W. Keenleyside. H. W. Riggs, M. D. David Spencer, Victoria. W. D. WUson, M. D. T. R. Pearson, Mgr. New Westminster Branch. LIQUIDATORS. LOANS. BUSINESS OPENINGS. BOND ISSUES GUARANTEED. 328 HASTINGS STREET WEST, VANCOUVER ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE t i JUSTAMINUTE OFYOURTIME To Consider the Reasons why you should invest in the PREPAID STOCK of the BRITISH COLUMBIA PERMANENT LOAN AND SAVINGS COMPANY and get 7 PER CENT. DIVIDENDS. BECAUSE (a) THE INVESTMENT POSSESSES FIRST CLASS SECURITY. There is no better security than first mortgages on improved residence property — on homes. (b) THE INVESTMENT HAS PERMANENCY. (c) THE INVESTMENT IS LIQUID. It can be transferred at any time. It has a liberal loan value. (d) THE INVESTMENT HAS NO LIABILITY. (e) THE DIVIDENDS ARE SECURED AND GUARANTEED. THESE REASONS ALSO APPLY TO THE COMPANY'S 6 PER CENT. DEBENTURES. i OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: THOS. T. LANGLOIS, President. D. H. WILSON, M.D. Vice-President. G. J TELFER, Ass't Manager. R. H. DUKE. Secretary. W. H. MALKIN, DAVID SPENCER, GEO. MARTIN, GEO. WARD. TRUSTEES: HON. R. McBRIDE, M. L. A. RALPH SMITH, M. P. LAWRENCE GOODACRE. FULL PARTICULARS AT THE HEAD OFFICE. 321 CAMBIE STREET :: :: :: VANCOUVER, B. C. 90 GOVERNMENT STREET :: :: VICTORIA. B. C. 9 ADVERTTSIXG SECTIOX, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE REAL HAND MADE SOUTH AMERICAN Panamas! We import these direct from the makers and therefore save our cus- tomers the middleman's profit. Prices range from $5.00 to $150.00. Our $7.50 Panama equals anything j-ou can buy in the city for $10. We have a special Unbleached Panama for ladies at $300. E. CHAPMAN Davis Chambers 615 HASTINGS ST., WEST, VANCOUVER. British Columbia Agent for R. ATKINSON'S ROYAL IRISH POPLIN TIES. ■«■■■■■■■ HHHHHHaMHH THE British Columbia Book Co., Ltd. makes BRITISH PERIODICALS and BRITISH STATIONERY A SPECIAL STUDY. .Scottish papers cfn sale. New Novels from London twice a week. 550 GRANVILLE STREET, VANCOUVER. B, C. EXCLUSIVENESS IN MILLINERY PRETTY HATS FOR $5 LIKE THE CUT Send sample of dress worn, give color of hair and say if fair or dark. We design hats equal to any imported model and better. CHAS W. HILLS AND CO., Ladies Outfitters and Milliners by Mail. 940 Granville St. Vancouver. New Books A Victor of Salamis, W. Stern Davis $1.50 The Saint, Antonio Fogazzaro. . .$1.25 The Patriot, Antonio Fogazzaro. $1.25 Tlie Second Generation, David Graham Phillips $1.25 The Captain of the Kansas, Louis Tracy $1.25 Little Esson, S. R. Crockett. .. .$1.25 The Lone Furrow, W. A. Fraser.$i.25 The Port of Missing Men, Mere- dith Nicholson $1.25 For New Books by best authors, at lowest prices, try Irvine & Forsyth Booksellers and Stationers 441 Hastings St. Vancouver, B. C. ADVERTISIXG SECTIOX, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE VANCOUVER British Columbia Whgre there is practically no winter. If you h»Te any Idea of "going West" and are intereited in Real Ustate Acreage. Timber Lands or Business Enterjirisei. cozne to Vancouver and •ee us. Or write for free pamphlet with full in- formation compiled from 0»Teriiment statistics. Our products of the Sea, Mine. Forest and Farm offer great chances for the large and small jn- ▼ettor and the man who wants to "make a fresh start. " ROYAL BUSINESS EXCHANGE, LTD. HASTINGS STREET, VANCOUVER. Angell Engraving Co. PHOTO=ENGRAVERS AND DESIGNERS IN ALL BRANCHES 518 Hastings Street, Vancouver, B. C. 7|^ iU '/If iil '/If ^^ vMi '/If ili 7|f vVU '/if M* '/|\^ iU '/if ?if ^i m vMi '/1\^ iU '/if B. W: Carlyle C. R. Hickman Public Notice We have a complete list of City and Suburban Properties at great bargains. It will pay you to see us before buying. If you have property for sale situated anywhere in B. C, drop u;,'> a line with full particulars. We may have clients looking: for just what you have. THE CARLYLE, HICKMAN COMMISSION CO. Real Estate, Insurance, General Commission, Rtnts Collected. Room 9 522 Pender Street, Vancouver, B. C, The Canadian Bank of Commerce Head Office, = TORONTO, ONT. Capital (paid up) .. .$10,000,000 Rest $ 5,000,000 B. E. Walker, Esq., President. Alex. Laird, Esq., General Manager *^jS^ ^*f.6* «^i«^ ^J.14^ '■^'^^ .S^^r. ^■^ ^'g^, ^-^ ,'^** 1*^!^-^ .^^^ .^^i^- ."^^ .-Atg^, ^y^ V^tCV ^*^ ^*?<^ *Vl^ *^l«* ^l^* ^yi-i^ ^^»*^ ^7K^ -^I'JN. ^v,v^ ^Vl^^ ^7?^ ^Wv Branches West of Rocky Mountains Britisli Columbia — Atlin, Cranbrook, Fernie, Greenwood, Kamloops, Mission City, Nanaimo, Nelson, New Westminster, Pentic- ton, Prince Rupert, Princeton, Van- couver, Vancouver East, Vancouver South, Victoria. Vukou Territory — Dawson, White Horse. Francisco, Seattle, United States — Portland, San Skagway. New York Ag-ency — Wm. Gray and H. B. Walker, Agents Iiondon, Eugflaud, Office — 50 Lombard Street. ADVERTISING SECTION, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE A Are you troubled wim uandiuff or *; falline: hair, if so 3 TST MOKBOWS i Vegetable Hair Invigorator. It destroys 3 the microbe that causes dandruff and « falling hair, and nourishes the hair- J root back to health. We guarantee it. Q FBICi: 75c. 5 J. w. noRROW H THi: FII.I. BOX I>BUG STOBB L600 and 602 Hastingrs St., Vancouver, B.C. ^ ^•33^32222^22^3^32 32ai2^32SI^^12S-325a^a2a3 3 3 Silver Mounted Guaranteed Briar Pipes 50c. at PADMORE'S ARCADE CIGAR STORE Vancouver, B. C. Expensive Dental Work no longer has a claim for your con- sideration. Our work is the best known to the -profession. BBAD OTXB FBICBS — THEV NEVBB CHANGB. Full Set of Teeth $5.00 and up Gold Crowns $5.00 Bridgreworb (per tooth) $5.00 Gold Filling's $1.00 and up Silver Filling's 50c Extracting' 50c The Boston Dentists IiIMITBI) DB. A. B. BAKBB, Consulting^ Dentist. 407 Hastingrs St., West., Vancouver. The Goddess of Fashion never dreamed of a man attired in a more perfect fitting suit or overcoat than the ones we are making at $15.00 Easting's Street VANCOUVEB. ■ ~*"*XHjOE:^ 3GE3GC30e»GOOGCC300000aOO£36JOt3t3C31Ji '^ The price seems low, but we guarantee 3 the suits to be equal to the highest « price. Write for samples and measure- g ment forms. S Scotland Woolen Mills The Mutual Life of Canada Is a thoroughly SOUND AND FBOGRESSIVi: Company, confining- its business to the Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland, noted for the most healthy climate IN THE WOBI^D. Its Expense rate is the IiOWEST OF AI^Ii CANADIAN COMFANIUS, being only 16.34 per cent, of total income for 1906, a reduction of 1.46 per cent. over 1905. " One of the very best Companies that we have examined, The Mutual Company, and the one that showed fewer shortcoming's than any of the others." — Mr. Kent, of the Insurance Commission, verbatim report, page 2904. 37 YEARS' RECORD BESVIiTS SFEAK IiOUDER THAN WOBDS. Total Payments for Death Claims, Matured Endowments, Surren- dered Policies, etc ? 7,476,529.26 Add present Assets 10,385,539.84 Amount paid to policyholders and held for them $17,862,069.10 Total Premiums received 17,338,715.05 Excess of Assets and payments to policyholders over Fremium receipts $523,354.05 For Agency, Circulars or Information, write WII.I.IAM J. T-WXSS, MANAGES. 570 GRANVIIiIiE STREET VANCOUVER, B. C. Write onr new free circular: Salaried Positions For Learners It shows how we prepare young men Biid women to earn good Balariesin po- sitions thut require special knowledge. Itte'lshow you ciin obtain a salaried po- sition In your diosen profession, trade or business, and support yourself while learning how to earn more. You can becomea Mechanical Engineer. Electrician, Architect 2.50,000 students and graduates In Mechanical, Klectrical, Steam, Civil and Mining Engineering; Ar- chUeelore ; Drawing and Designing ; Lettering ; CliemlBtry; Telegraphy; Xelephony; Teaching; Steno- graphy; Book-keeping; Kngllsh Branches. When writing, state subject In which Interested. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS, Established 189i. Caoita', $1,500,000 (S>omy o)o(a 0)0(0 9¥to 0)0(0 0)0(0 ■^©^ yo(o 0)0(0 wo^ S)oA Wog 0)0(0 3)0(h 0)0(0 0)0(00) >rao)o(p9o(Q?)o(bwowwfioO)o(bo)Q(pMo^ Vancouver College of Music JAS. H SMITH, (MUSICaL DIRECTOR.) COMPETENT Staff All Branches of Music Taught Address : 745 Dunsmuir Street Phone A 1885; Corner Howe o>o(a o)o(a »0(6 CsSAf o)ora W. Room 11, Arcade COULTt-R VANCOUVER, B. A Model Music Store is that of the MONTELIUS PIANO liOUSE, LIMITED In Its New WareroorT)S at 441 HastiQgs Street, Vancouver 9>— X /- *^' To see these beautiful warerooms and parlors, is to appreciate what the youngest, yet most up-to-date firm has done in Vancouver and British Columbia in the upbuilding of the music business. Everything in music in stock, from the best pianos made in the world, to the little Jews Harp. All makes of TALKING MACHINES and records. A very neat sales- room is devoted to this department exclusively. One parlor is devoted exclusively to the NEW ART BELL PIANOS, another one to the old reliable and standard HAINES BROS. PIANOS, an- other to tlie KNABE GRANDS and UPRIGHTS. And last but not least, one devoted entirely to the POPULAR AUTONOLA, the best and most human Player Piano that is made, and also ELECTRIC PIANOS of various makes. The ind)iic are cordially invited t(j call at this modern Palace of Music. We believe every citizen of Vancouver will appreciate the efforts that are being made to advance the music ccjnditions in British Columbia by this yonng but most iiu-r>"^«»'\i*w^V»«*AA''''%/'''%/'*^^'Ji'''^*''V»«''tr»*^%/««*^V*«''b*''^%/'# KODAKS, $5 to $ioo BROWNIES, $1 to $9 THE KODAK STORY i)f summer days grows in charm as the months go by — ifs always interesting — it's personal — it tells of the places, the people and the incidents from your point of view — just as you saw them. And it's an easy story to record, for the Kodak works at the bidding of the merest novice. There is no dark-room for any part of Kodak work, it's all simple. Press the button — do the rest — or leave it to another — just as you please. The Kodak catalogue tells the details. Call for one or send your name and address and we will mail it to you free. WILL MARSDEN 665 Granville St.. Vancouver. :: :: :: THE KODAK SPECIALIST. MENS AND BOYS FINE SUITS AND FURNISHINGS now one of the oldest established houses in Vancouver. MAIL ORDERS receive special attention, and are despatched the same day as received. We arc sole agents for 20TH CENTURY BRAND GARMENTS in this city. Send for measurement blanks and samples. We have the largest Boys' Department on the Coast. Write us for information which will be cheerfully supplied. \. CLUBB & STEWART 309 to 315 Hastings St. W. VANCOUVER. WESTWARD) nO! TEKM ART LITER/ITURE CRiTKISn PUBLICITY flUQUST, 1907 ST SM MaSTlB^S STREET, FRKE TEN CEMTS ;K, 1. C The Sign of the Clock. i SOUVENIRS IN GOLD. Those who are interested in something better than the ordinary souvenir should in- spect our many new creations in Nugget Jewellery, designed by our own Artist. The nugget is typical of B. C. The past history, and even the present, being permeated with the influence of the nugget over men. We are making the Canadian Maple Leaf and Coats-of-Arms, in Brooches, Stick-pins, Spoons, etc., in natural tinted-colored enamel, on 14 and 18 kt. gold. Tiie manufacture of this jewellery requires the experienced and artistic goldsmith, which our friends in Great Britain and across the line will appreciate. Our great line of fine Sterling Silver Sou- venirs cannot be matched west of Toronto. We carry the choice designs of all the eastern manufacturers. -=£ Wiiic for illustrated catalogue— It's Free. Henry Birks & Sons LiniTED THE JEWELLERS and SILVERSMITHS i t t GEO. E. TROREY, Manaj^ioK Director. VANCOUVER, B. C. Meetwarb Ibo! /Ilbagasine Table of Contents AUGUST, 1907 . (The rights of translation and reproduction are strictly reserved.) ART SECTION — Photographic Studies British Columbia Scenery. EDITORIAL, 1 THE INTERNATIONAL YACHT RACE F. C. T. Lucas 4 Illustrated. FATHER IGNATIUS L. McLeod Gould 10 Story. ALASKA-TUKON-PACIFIC EXPOSITION C. H. E. Asquith 13 Illustrated. AT THE SHACK Percy Flage 20 Henry James Parodied. THE UNVEILING OP MRS. LLOYD Arthur Davies 23 Story. THE RETURN Arthur V. Kenah 30 Story. MEN I HAVE MET — J. M. Barrie The Editor 33 Sketch. THE DISAPPOINTMENT OF TOTEM Annie C. Dalton 35 Fable. BRITISH COLUMBIA'S FRUIT INDUSTRY Maxwell Smith 39 Illustrated. REVERENCE Amicus 43 Essay. THE WIDOW BRIGGS' FIRE Irene M. McColl 45 Story. THERESE Freeman Harding 48 Story. A WOMAN'S IDEAS La Verite 53 Causerie. HELPS TO SMILE 56 NA/ESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY ITbc XKDleetwarb 1bo ! publisbtna Company B3e HASTINGS ST.. VANCOUVER, B. C. Subscription 10 Cents Per Copy; in Canada and Groat Britain $1.00 a Year; in United States $1.50. WILLIAIVI BLAKEMORE, PERCY F. GOEDNRATH, Editor-in-Chief. Business Manager IN THIS DEPARTMENT OF CI.ASSI7IEI> ADVERTISING TOU CAN OB- TAIN PUBLICITY FOR lITTIiE COST. THE RATES ARE ONIiy 25 CENTS PER IiINE PER INSERTION; SMAIiIiEST SPACE ACCEPTED, FOUR I^INES; IiARQEST SPACE FOR ONE ADVERTISEMENT, TWEIiVE I.INES. CASH MUST ACCOMPANY AI.I. ORDERS. FORMS CI.OSE lOTH OF EACH MONTH. ADDRESS MANAG-ER, CI.ASSIFIED ADVERTISING DEPARTMENT, WEST- WARD HO!, 536 HASTINGS STREET, VANCOUVER, B. C. FARM I.ANDS. Northern British Columbia. Party controlling 2,560 acres first-class Ranching Land in the Ootsa Lake district, desirous of stocking same, wishes an experienced partner with about $25,000; or will sell at $7.50 per acre on good terms. Apply B. C. Land Specialist, P. O. Box 233, Vancouver, B. C. Northern British Columbia. Agricultural and Ranching Land in Bulkley, Nechaco, and Ootsa Lake districts, for sale at $7.50 per acre. Reduced prices and terms to settlers. Full particulars from B. C. Land Specialist, P. O. Box 233, Vancouver, B. C. We have a select list of Fruit and Farm Lands In the New Westminster District, ranging in price from $10.00 per acre up. Maiion, McFarland & Mahon, Ltd., Invest- ment Brokers, Vancouver. Victoria Fruit and Farm Lands. Write for "Home List" and information. R. S. Day, 4 4 Fort St.. Victoria. B. C. Kettle Valley 10-acre Fruit Farms have the Boll. water and climate to grow fruit at a profit. Write today for particulars. A. Eraklne. Smith & Co.. Grand Forks, B. C. Orchard Tracts in the Nanaimo District, from >170 per acre. Easy terms. A. E. Planta, Ltd., Nanaimo, B. C. For Sale — Locators' rights to a well located fjuarter-sectlon (160 acres) on Porcher Island. In close proximity to Prince Rupert, the Pacific Terminus of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. Stanley Boys. Suite 3 Old isafe Bloc-k. Vamouver. 13, C. ABSATER'B SUPFUES. Importers and dealers in Assav Supplies. The B. C. Assay & Chemical Supply Co., Ltd Pender St.. Vancouver. B. C. OFFICE FIXTURES BUIIiT. We mannfiirturc .st,,,i-, Oilico. Bank, Church, Barber Shop and Hotel Bar Fixtures and Furniture. The V. B. C. Novelty Works, 1002 Granville St., Vancouver. B. C. MINING STOCKS. Mining Stocks bought and sold on commission. List your B. C. shares with me. H. J. Thorne, Stock Broker, 25 Davis Chambers, Vancouver. FURRIERS. Now's the time, have your furs renovated; tanning and mounting; furs stored, moth proof, prices right. San Francisco Fur Co., 919 Granville St., Vancouver. HARNESS TOOIiS. For Sale — Complete Sett of Harness Tools. Best American (Osborne) make, and nearly new. Apply P. Q. Box 1243, Vancouver. OASOI.INE MARINE ENGINES. For Sale — 40 ft. full cabin length, 25 h.p. 4-cycle engine, electric lights, stove and sleeping accommodations. Pric $2,800.00. A. W. Le Page, 667 Granville St., Vancouver, B. C. KODAKS. I carry the largest stock of Kodaks and Photographic Supplies in British Columbia. Write for Catalogue. Will Marsden, The Kodak Specialist, Vancouver, B. C. TIMBER NOTICES ADVERTISED. Timber Cruisers, Land Locators and Mill Companies will save time, worry and ex- pense by having us place your legal adver- tisements. P. F. Goodenrath & Co., Suite 3, Old Safe Block, Vancouver, B. C. TIMBER IiAND WANTED. I have capital to purchase timber. If needed will advance money to cruisers to pay for advertising or licen.sies. E. R. Chandler, Suite 1 and 2, Jones Buik^ng, Vancouver, B. C. MODEi;S OF INVENTIONS. Patentees can have their models of inventions designed, built or perfected by us. Van- couver Model Machine and Cycle Works. 980 Granville St., Vancouver, B. C. ADVERTISING SECTIOI^, WESTWARD HO! MAGAZK^E MAGAZINE CANVASSERS. SEAIi ESTATE. The Westward Ho! Magazine offers an excep- Victoria Realty offers a judicious investment, tional opportunity for students to profitably We have some particularly fine residence employ their vacation time in soliciting for sites on the sea front; acreage on the out- subscribers. For particulars address: Sub- skirts and good inside business property, scription Manager, this Magazine. The Pacific Coast Realty Co., Victoria, B. C. Ladies who have spare time can utilize it by obtaining subscribers to the Westward Ho! Vancouver Rural and Urban Realty will pay Magazine. Light employment; good pay. investigation. Our lists are at your disposal Address: Subscription Manager, thisMaga- by writing. York & Mitchell, Real Estate zine. Brokers, Hastings St. W., Vancouver. AUCTIONEESS We conduct auctions of Household Goods, CAMP OUTFITS wn Sleep J pairs of ville St., Vancouver, B. C. 1243, Vancouver, B. C. Real Estate and Live Stock anywhere in the New Eider-down Sleeping Comforter, 8x8, Province. Kingsford, Smith & Co., 860 Gran- equal to two pairs of blankets. P. O. Box ANNOUNCEMENT. The success of the first number of Westward Ho ! has exceeded the most sanguine expectations of the publishers. Within three days of issue the first number was sold out in Victoria and Vancouver, and stray numbers were being collected to supply the most urgent enquiries. This large demand for the magazine and a corresponding increase in advertising support has necessitated the printing of a larger magazine which will have double the circulation of the initial number. This issue consists of 6o pages of reading matter and 20 pages of advertisements. It includes a splendidly illustrated article on the International Yacht Race, which is our leading feature, and which contains the first authentic description of the race, for the Alexandra Cup. Special attention is directed to a series of photographic studies of British Columbia scenery. The balance of the number consists of articles on matters of public interest and short stories, all by Western writers and specially written for Westward Ho! The September number in addition to the ordinary departments will contain some specially interesting features; the Hon. Richard McBride will contribute an article ^n " My First Impressions of the Motherland." An expert article on the " Awakening of the Royal City," with illustrations of New Westminster taken by our own artist. Mrs. Beanlands will contri- bute another of her popular Art Sketches. There will be an illustrated article on " Lumbering," by Arthur V. Kenah. Mr. John Kyle, A. R. C. A., will write the first of a series of studies on " Home Arts and Crafts," (illustrated). The Editor will continue his chatty articles on " Men I Have Met," featuring the popular and genial Irish leader, Mr. T. P. O'Connor. Mrs. Annie Dalton will be responsible for a very interesting and whimsical ghost story and there will be at least half a dozen other short stories by popular writers. " Community Promotion " will be dealt with in the first of a series of articles by Percy G. Godenrath, and a financial expert will write on Banking and Trust business, with special reference to the important assistance of the latter in building up the West. SOME GOOD PREMIUMS FOR WILLING WORKERS. HERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY for bright boys and girls to obtain useful articles during holiday time. The WESTWARD HO! Magazine will give a prize of a Gold Mounted Fountain Pen, complete with King Klip, value $2.50, to the boy or girl or any other person sending in six annual subscriptions at $1.00 each. We will also give 14k Gold Cuff Links, or a 14k Scarf Pin, or a Fine Enamel Flower Crescent Brooch, with Two Whole Pearls, or any other article to the value of $5.00 to the person sending in twelve subscriptions. AND to the person sending in twenty subscriptions we will give a very beautiful WALTHAM WATCH in a Sterling Silver Case, value $8.00. The above articles are not cheap trash jewellery, but first-class articles chosen from the catalogue of Henry Birks & Sons, Ltd., Jewellers, Vancouver. But the sender of such subscriptions may choose any other article to the value mentioned from the same catalogue, which will be sent by the firm on application. MONEY ORDERS, CHEQUES, ETC., SHOULD BE SENT TO The Westward Ho! Publishing Company 536 HASTINGS STREET, VANCOUVER. The daily press is discuss- Brown and ing with all seriousness the White. subject of Oriental immi- gration and the favourite headline with journals not notoriously yellow is "The Japanese Menace." It is a subject which requires quiet thought rather than loud expression. The Spec- tator appeals to the British public and press to do their utmost to promote a peaceful and enduring solution of the American- Japanese problem — the Gov- ernment by a tactful influence of the ally, and the press by the avoidance of any comment that might prove to be an em- barassing precedent in the future. This is excellent advice, and while it is ad- dressed to the British people from the higher platform on which Imperial mat- ters are debated, it is none the less apposite in the narrower sphere of Pro- vincial interests. Whatever difference of opinion there may be as to the advisa- bility of utilizing Mongolian labour in connection with those public works which are essential to the rapid development of the Province, there is no difference of opinion as to the desirability of main- taining British Columbia, and indeed the whole of Canada, as a white man's coun- try. Even capitalists and contractors who are most eager to avail themselves of low grade labour in order the more quickly to realize the profits of their in- vestment are outspoken in the opinion that it is only a temporary expedient, and in specific instances they have offered to follow the lead of Rhodesia, and ar- range for deportation within a limited time. If carefully and closely examined, the issue narrows down to one or two points ; the shortage of labour being ad- mitted as now it must, the first question is from what source can it be supplied. If from the white races, it becomes the bounden duty of the Government to ex- haust every means of securing this class of labour, before even tentatively per- mitting the wholesale immigration of Mongolians. Up to date no serious ef- fort has been made by the B. C. Govern- ment to bring white men in. This is not altogether the fault of the Government, although it must take the responsibility. If organized labour had been more rea- sonable and less hostile, there is every probability that at least from five to eight thousand labourers and settlers would have been brought into the Province this season by the Salvation Army. The as- tonishing inrush of Japs during the last three months has opened everyone's eyes, and has probably convinced the labour leaders that for once at any rate they were lacking in prescience when they condemned the proposals of the Govern- ment. With 5,000 Japs brought in this year and 5,000 more on the way, the object lesson is beginning to have its effect and white labour, even if brought through the agency of the Salvation Army appears far less obnoxious than it did about the time of the last Provincial election. Those who have studied the question at close quarters believe that a more vigorous policy along the same lines WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZIE^E. would within a year or two solve the problem and check Japanese immigra- tion, if not stop it altogether. The fact that so many Japs have been able to find employment', and that in spite of the heavy 'head tax Chinamen are beginning to come in in considerable numbers, no less than eighty arriving in one batch, and paving $560 each for the privilege of staying here, clearly demonstrates that there is an unsatisfied demand. The Government is face to face with a diffi- culty. Whilst it may not be possible to impose the same restriction upon Jap- anese as upon Chinese immigration, there is reason to believe that more can be eflFected with the Government of the for- mer country than the latter by recourse to tactful diplomacy. The Federal Gov- ernment should not hesitate to exercise its influence through this channel in the interests both of the Province and the Dominion. The local Government dis- regarding sectional prejudice and inter- ested opposition, should initiate a broad scheme looking to a much larger influx of white labour than has yet been con- templated. The project should be de- vised and carried out by the Government so that the mistakes of the Dominion im- migration department may not be repeat- ed, and in order that Government con- trol may be absolute. Such a scheme will require substantial aid, and if the Province is determined as far as prac- ticable to exclude Mongolians, it can only do so effectively if it is willing to pay the price for bringing in men of our own race. The present difficulty has been created by the unparalleled rapid- ity of development throughout the Do- minion. Gigantic industrial and trans- portation works have multiplied at such a rate that the shrewdest business man and the most sagacious statesman alike have found their anticipations far out- stripped. The country is clamouring for railways and roads ; without these, its forests, mines, and illimitable agricultural lands cannot be exploited. Canada must be content cither to wait or to organize immigration upon more extensive and attractive lines, and since the average Ca- nadian refuses to wait, there is obviously no alternative. Meanwhile the problem is more acute in British Columbia than in any ])art of the Domini(.n, especially in view of its geographical position and the alarming influx of Mongolians. The situation calls for wise and careful hand- ling. The interests involved are local, national and Imperial. They are in safe hands, the solution will be found along the lines indicated, but it will be reached all the sooner if public opinion asserts itself on the platform and in the press in favour of the policy which the local Government indicated six months ago, and wdiich by their recent contract they are apparently about to put into opera- tion. The Fuel Question. Although jt is still mid- summer, there are ominous whisperings to the effect that the coming winter may find Western Canada suffering from a shortage of fuel. This may or may not happen, but it is never too soon to take time by the forelock and in view of recent experiences, there can be no certainty that winter will find us well supplied with coal. It is a standing anomaly that the Province containing some of the finest and most extensive coal deposits in the world should be threatened with a fuel famine, and it is quite as strange a circumstance that capital has been so slow in realizing what a splendid field for investment coal mining offers. It is a singular fact that while millions have been lost in metalliferous mining, and while millions have been made in British Co- lumbia in coal mining, and while not a single enterprise of the latter class has failed, it is next to impossible to interest capitalists in developing our coal areas. Probably labour troubles have acted as a deterrent, but these are likely to be less serious in the future, and much may be expected from Mr. Lemieux' Concil- iation Act in the direction of preventing and settling strikes. In the Crow's Nest Pass, in the Elk Valley, in the Nicola and Similkameen Valleys, and on Vancouver Island are enormous deposits of coal in the virgin state, conveniently situated for the market and only awaiting the neces- sary capital and skill to yield all that is required for local use, and a large sur- ]ilus for exportation. The Government would be rendering a service to the Pro- vince if it undertook a special investiga- tion of available coal deposits, and issued EDITOEIAL. reliable bulletins setting- forth all the available data which could be gathered concerning them. It is all very well to say that capital will seek its own invest- ment, that is true, but it can be encour- aged and assisted, and in no way more surely than by the furnishing of reliable data. There is one other point which should not be overlooked ; it is that in spite of the scarcity of fuel, both in this Province and throughout the North- West, more than 50 per cent, of all the coal produced in Western Canada is ex- ported. It is certain that the various local Governments will either have to stimulate production by encouraging capital, or undertake Government oper- ation ; or restrict and, if necessary, entire- ly prohibit exportation. Our own people must be supplied, they have the first claim, and it is none too soon even in August to make preparation for the com- ing winter, since the production of coal is not likely to be any greater than last winter, whilst the number of consumers must have increased according to the im- migration returns at least 100,000. Vancouver Island is the Vancouver centre of interest among Island. those who are watching keenly the development of British Columbia. Many things have recently transpired to stimulate this in- terest, but undoubtedly the chief factor is the activity of the C. P. R. When this corporation acquired the E. & N. Rail- way, it could safely be predicted that the purchase was but the first link in a chain which would ultimately bind Van- couver to the mainland, and bring about the exploitation of its splendid natural resources. This prediction is being ful- filled earlier than might have been ex- pected. The second link in the chain was the erection of a large up-to-date hotel in Victoria. The third link the placing of a number of survey parties in the field to locate a route for the ex- tension of the E. & N. Railway North and West of Nanaimo. The fourth link is about to be forged as indicated by the announcement of Mr. Arthur Piers, head of the Company's Steamship De- partment, that an Empress liner of the same class as those which have estab- lished the Atlantic record between Queenstown and Halifax, will at once be built for the Pacific trade. These are but the bare outlines of a far-reaching policy, which involves the clearing and settlement of enormous areas of agricul- tural land in the E. & N. belt, railway connection with Alberni, railway exten- sion to the extreme North of the Island, and last but by no means least, a railway and steamship terminus on Quatsino Sound. This latter decision which, al- though not ofiicially announced, is prac- tically assured by the recent visit of Mr. MacNicol, the General Manager, is by far the most important in its bearings upon the future of Vancouver Island. If any other point had been chosen, its future would have been imperilled, be- cause it possesses the greatest natural advantages, and therefore will be most conducive to the building up of the Oriental trade and the all Imperial route on which the prosperity of the Island and the Province so largely depend. With an up-to-date ferry either across Sey- mour Narrows or some other point not far distant, and speedy railway connec- tion with Quatsino Sound, traffic to the Orient will be brought twenty-four hours nearer to Yokohoma than is possible from Vancouver or Victoria. To select Quat- sino Sound is not to detract from the merits of either of these cities, they will still be great sea-ports, especially the for- mer, but when it comes to an all-round the world route every hour counts, and if there is to be a Southern port, com- peting with Prince Rupert, and near enough to benefit Vancouver and Vic- toria and so divert traffic to them, no place of equal merit with Quatsino Sound could be seleceted. What with the pre- sent unprecedented activity in locating timber claims, preparing for the erection of lumber and pulp mills, for the clearing of agricultural land, and for railway con- struction, to say nothing of the exploita- tion of coal and mineral areas, the pros- pects for a time of general prosperity on Vancouver Island is of the brightest. THE unexpected has happened. A young Seattle boy, scarcely at- tained to his majority, has de- signed and built a yacht with which he sailed and defeated a yacht from the drafting boards of the famous Fife of Fairlie. Of Ted Geary it may be truly said that he has awakened to find himself famous ; for although it is of course ])reniature to form an estimate of his work from this one yacht and this one race, still the fact remains, that the best yacht ever turned out of Vancouver, has had to lower it's colors in two out of three races to Geary's "Spirit." The occasion was the Annual Regatta of the North-Western International Yacht Racing .Association held at Seattle, Washingt cUu-ing[ th? 4)ffp.33tic|[,a,ih^}i ,^Tf}Qntl}§nif;i9ftf X4!?Rif^7.t,o ;C>?tqt^.^ t5frfS>P9. ^y\^^%ii%\\%-)m_ existence. Many of the people repre- 14 WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE. sented by these figures will come from across the Pacific, from Europe and from South and Central America, and it is certain that large numbers of Seattle's visitors will take advantage of the prox- imity of British Columbia to spend some- time in her attractive cities or her no less attractive sporting resorts. In fact, tourists' point of view have already been related in Exposition literature to forty million people. Should the Province de- cide to have a building and an exhibit, such as would help turn this mighty tor- rent of travel into the country, there is no reason why British Columbia merch- ants, hotel-keepers and transportation President J. E. Chilberg. in all the literature and exploitation work, the Exposition management is em- phasizing the fact that for very little more expense, visitors can visit British Columbia, and the' advantages of the Province from the fisherman's, explorer's yachtsman's, hiinter'.s an.! the ordinary companies, should not reap millions dur- ing the Exposition period. Already several of the great conven- tions that have signified their intention of meeting in Seattle in 1909 during the Exposition, have made inquiries as to the conveniences for taking a run up THE A L A S K A-Y UKOInT EXPOSITION. 15 through British Columbia for a couple of days in the intervals of meetings, sight- seeing and traveling. All such inquiries have received careful and encouraging answers. But this benefit after all is temporary, Henry E. Read, Director of Exploitation. and is not to be compared with the per- manent work which the Exposition will do. The trade of the United States and Canada is inextricably mingled and any- thing that will increase United States trade with the Orient or with South Am- erica, will also have a beneficial efifect on the trade of Western Canada and these same points. The products of United States and those of Canada are practically the same, if we except the output of the Southern States, whose products so far as export trade is con- cerned, is confined almost entirely to cotton. Thus the Exposition in accus- toming the Orientals and the people of Latin America to buy North American flour, machinery, clothing, boots and shoes, leathers, agricultural implements, will be doing as much for Canada as for the United States, for all of these articles Canada manufactures or grows, and in each case Canada wishes to establish a greater foreign trade. It may be seen at a glance that unwittingly, the Exposi- tion is going to be of immense value to Canada in general and British Columbia in particular. And if British Columbia and Canada each have a building with exhibits and commissioners on the ground to add to the effect already produced, to point the moral, at very small expense, both the Province and the Dominion will reap a benefit that can afterwards be counted in millions. The primary purpose of the Exposition is to exploit the resources and potentiali- ties of the Alaska and Yukon territories in the, Ufiited States and the Dominion of Canada, and to make known and fos- ter the vast importance of the trade of the Pacific Ocean and of the countries bordering upon it. Different from for- mer expositions it does not depend upon historical sentiment to arouse enthusiasm The Alaska Building. Seattle's First Skjr- scraper. Fifteen Stories. and to induce participation. It will not celebrate any particular event ; it will be i6 WESTWARD HO! MAGAZINE. a great international, industrial and com- mercial exposition. Beginning with the idea of making the world's fair original in every possible feature, the management has succeeded admirably up to the present time, and if the financing of it, which certainly broke all exposition records, can be taken as a criterion of the way and the plans al- ready outlined will be carried out, there is no room for doubt as to the original- ity that will characterize the 1909 fair. On October 2, last, five months after the incorporation of the Exposition Com- pany, which was efifected May 7, the people of Seattle were called upon to finance the enterprise by subscribing in one day to its capital stock of $500,000. The generous and public-spirited manner in which they responded by over-sub- scribing to the extent of $150,000, mak- ing a total amount available with which to begin work $650,000, is now history. No other city for any purpose ever equalled such a feat. "Seattle Spirit," for which the people of the Queen City are noted, was responsible for this re- markable achievement. More than half a million dollars in one day is a large amount of money to be raised in a city of 200,000 inhabitants. The slogan adopted by Will H. Parry, chairman of the ways and means committee, was "Everybody Helps." and everybody did help, with the result that an average of more than $3.00 was subscribed for every man, woman and child in the city. The fact that capitalist and laborer, business man and wage-earner stood shoulder to shoulder in lending their financial sup- port to the fair, showed that the people as a unit believed in it as an agency that will confer everlasting benefits. The purpose of the Exposition are worthy of the attention and support of Canada, as well as the United States, as the former country will receive many of the benefits that will accrue. The fact that the scope includes the exploitation of Yukon, a territory belonging to Ca- nada, makes the Exposition of great interest to the Dominion Government. The ])roximitv of Rritisli Columbia to the scat of the Exposition. Seattle, and the fact that the Province Vs'ill receive a large share of the tourist travel on's accident; when I came to the part where he wanted her. she gripj)0(l mv arm and I ceased. Towards morning there were long spells of silence, but I knew she was not asleep ; every now and then the baby on her breast would give a wail of anguish, and I heard in response; the crooning of a mother quieting another woman's child. When morning broke she was hanging by the lashings with the child clasped tightly to her ; I scooped up some water from the deck and dashed it in her face ; it had the desired efifect, she revived, but it was the spluttering of a candle burning low in the socket — the light was going out. The small piece of deck presented an awful spectacle ; the sea had gone down slightly ; with the result, that the bodies of our dead companions were piled around our feet ; on them were resting the living, who had dropped down from sheer exhaustion, and slept. From the shouting ashore, it was evi- dent renewed attempts would be made to rescue us. I pleaded with some, ex- postulated with others, to bear up but a little while longer. There was a glim- mer of hope if only we could force our vitalitv to last out. On this morning the life-boat was not used ; instead, a string of men carrying two lines were formed on the rocky pro- montory ; at the end were two figures, which in the distance I could see were almost unclothed. The lines were made fast round their waists and, without waiting a moment, these rough fisher- men plunged into the surf which separ- ated us from the main rocks. It was an awful struggle ; a distance of about one hundred yards ; but the one hundred yards took those men over two hours to bridge — two hours during which they were tossed backwards and forwards, then thrown bodily out to sea to struggle back again, fighting inch by inch, but all the time they were getting nearer and nearer. On board the wreck we scarcely seem- ed to move ; our eyes were glued on those two fighting for our lives. Mrs. Lloyd had pulled herself together, and stood gripping me tightly by^the arm, with her eyes fixed on the rescuers. She only made one remark to me ; it was — 'T am not worth all that" — pointing to the men. One time they were within a few vards of the wreck, and I had a coil of lash- lP>botOQrapbic StuMce OF :iBintl6b Columbia Scenery jfrom tbe StuMo of Mill nDavsben l^ancouver. Tiacstwar5 1bo! auGUSt 1907. Stanley Park. Vancouver. Fraser Canyon. View from Stanley Park, Vancouver. Frazer River, near Spuzzum. THE UNVEILII^G OE MES. LLOYD. 29 ings in my hand ready to heave, when a sea came up and hurled them back. I feared they would give it up then, but no ! their faces were again turned to us and the desperate struggle went on — inch by inch, yard by yard — until the coil in my hand went spinning through the air, and fell within the grasp of the leader. He clutched it, and I made fast the other end, leaving him to use the line as he thought fit ; for the most awful part was still before him ; but he went through it as if he had been iron, and not merely flesh and blood, until a sea picked him up on its crest, and hurled him almost at our feet- — the sea that drowned his com- panion— he scrambled over the black rocks and dragged himself on board. I seized the line and made it fast ; he did not wait to talk but joined me in hauling it in. Within ten minutes we had the end of a small hawser safely on board ; at- tached to it was the end of another small line. We got the hawser fast on the mast and hauled on the line until a breeches-buoy came along ; then I turned to look at my companions. Strangely enough, the children and babies had stood it best ; with desperate haste we huddled them one by one into the buoy and they were hauled ashore ; then followed the women, until I came to Mrs. Lloyd ; but she waved me ofT and pointed to the men ; who were in such a state of exhaustion that we had to lift them into the buoy. When the last had gone I turned again to Mrs. Lloyd; just as the wreck seemed to tremble with a peculiar vibration ; I hur- ried my movements with an uncanny feeling, and hastily undid the lashings, all the time the Frenchman gesticulat- ing and urging me. As the last turn was undone, I picked her up bodily and start- ed for the buoy; but it seemed as if the vindictive cruelty of the sea had not yet done enough. A roller came tumb- ling along and broke right on the wreck. It was too much for the "Lilly" ; she just went to pieces, flattened out, and disappeared, leaving me struggling at the edge of the I'ocks with the woman and child in my arms. The Frenchman was close beside me and before I knew what he was doing, he had whipped the line from his body and made it fast with a bowline round mine ; then he shouted to the people ashore, and the next moment we were pulled into and through the surf. I never knew how long it took to haul us through, but I remember a thud as we reached the rocks — a blow which seemed to knock the water out of my body and clear my mind — I struggled to my feet and joined the men who were gathered round Mrs. Lloyd, pushed them aside, and knelt down over her ; but — Mrs. Llovd was dead ; the child lived. What you are speaks so loudly, 1 can not hear what you say. — Emerson. * * * Refinement is more a spirit than an accomplishment. All the books of etiquette that have been written cannot make a person refined. True refinement springs from a gentle, unselfish heart. Without a fine spirit a refined life is impossible. * * * The young girl who responded with the cash to an advertisement of a means to keep the hands soft, received the following recipe: "Soak them in dishwater three times a day while mother rests." Thomas Carlyle, not long before his death, was in conversation with the late Dr. John Brown, and expressed himself to the following effect: " I am now an old man, and done with the world. Looking around me, before and behind, and weighing all as wisely as I can, it seems to me there is nothing solid to rest on but the faith which I learned in my old home, and from my mother's lips. The Return* By Arthur V. Kenah. THERE was something really pa- thetic in the sight; something to stir the hearts of the most prosaic, to cause them to cease their idle gossip for a moment and ask each other who this strange, broken down gentleman could be who had to be sup- ported to his seat in the restaurant. A table was always reserved for him and yet he invariably dined alone ; the more curious noticed that he faced the entrance and throughout his meal would, ever and anon, keep looking up as though he expected someone. Two places also were laid, but even the oldest habitue never saw his solitude broken. One could not help wondering what was the story underlying it all ; for here was a man. still under forty, handsome, and with evidently an abundant blessing of the world's goods, immaculately dressed, yet nevertheless, one oppressed with a deep and lasting sorrow. I had seen him, myself, every evening when I repaired there for my dinner and, of late, I had noticed that some illness had got him in its grip, and tonight he came in, on the arm of a young man who was evidently very anxious about him. The patron personally attended to his needs and it was from him, after the courses, that T learnt the strange epi- sode of this recluse. Signer Bernar- dino was full of compassion for him : his eyes were even full as he unfolded his melancholy tale. " Ah ! Signor, you may well ask me why I am so u])set tonight ; you have no doubt noticed vourself how ill that gentleman is. and I fear that he is even worse than he looks." "But. i'lcrnardino. he will recover?" "Perhaps, yes ; perhaps, no. Who can say what course a deep-seated mental worrv will take? It is not a matter that the doctors can treat : they have to hide tlu'ir ignorance by advising their patients to go awav to the seaside." "That is true; but you know a change is often very beneficial." "Yes, Signor, I know it, but in this case no change of air or scenery can effect a cure." "Tell me then. Bernardino, what is the matter with Mr. Ricardo?" "I will tell you all I know ; the rest you must surmise for yourself. Five }'ears ago there was no brighter or gayer gentleman frequenting this restaurant than Mr. Ricardo. Every evening he would come here and he was always accompanied by the one lady. Oh ! Signor, she was a lovely girl ; tall, fair, and of the most exquisite grace. I have said to myself many times that Heaven ordained that these two should be for- ever together. And such indeed was the case, for one evening Monsieur Richardo called me to his side and said to me : 'Bernardino, I am the happiest man in the world tonight, for this lady has today promised to be my wife.' Ah ! Signor, how pleased I was ; I felt I had not lived in vain, but I could only offer my congratulations and beg Monsieur Ricardo to allow me to present to the lady a small bouquet of flowers." "Well, Bernardino, that is all very pretty, but there is more to be told, surely?" "Yes, Signor, I will tell you in a moment." The excellent fellow hurried away to attend to one of his customers, and I had time to glance across at Mr. Ricar- do's table. I noticed that his pallid face seemed a little brighter and that he was even taking a trifling interest in the conversation of his companion. The dead, settled, look of melancholiness which I had come to regard as inevit- ably associated with him was, for the moment, somewhat relieved and I drew Bernardino's attention to it on his return. "Ah, Signor, it is as you say ; Mon- THE EETUEK 31 sieur Ricardo looks more hopeful to- night." "Well, never mind, pray go on with your story ; I expect to hear of marriage bells next." "Alas ! Signor, that I cannot tell you it was so. Three days after I had pre- sented them with my little bouquet of flowers. Monsieur Ricardo came in again, but alone. I noticed that he seemed very worried and I begged him to tell me whether Madame was well. I shall not readily forget his answer." "Yes, Bernardino." he replied, "Ma- dame is, as far as I know, quite well, but she has left me and will not be dining with me again." "Oh! Monsieur, you are joking; you mean, of course, that Madame is other- wise engaged for tonight, but tomorrow, or the next day, you will bring her here again ?" "No, Bernardino, it will not be so. Madame has left me as I told you, but," and here, Signor, his face which was very sad seemed to light up with a great joy ; "I know she will come back and I have told her that I shall be here every evening at this table and that a place will be always ready for her." "Ah ! Bernardino, that is a very sad story. And since then what has hap- pened?" "Nothing, Signor. Every night Mon- sieur Ricardo comes here and sits at the same table and a place is also laid for Madame, but she has never returned. ■ As the vears have crept by. Monsieur sits sadder and sadder, until my heart aches sometimes to see him. For the last fortnight he has not been here, but his valet came round one night to ask that if Madame returned that she should be given the note he brought with him." "I suppose he has been ill?" "Yes, Signor ; but tonight, though I feel sure he should be in his bed, he has returned to his old place again and he is evidently still expecting her." "What makes you think so?" "Because, Signor, he said to me as he was coming in : "Thanks, Bernardino. I am much better and happier. She will return tonight I know and I have brought my brother round to meet her." "I see. Well I can assure you I shall be anxious to know what the end of it will be. I am indeed sorry for Mr. Ricardo, but, somehow, I cannot help feeling that there will be a reunion eventually. But, to change the subject, who is this new singer you have on the programme tonight ?" "You refer to Mademoiselle Cecile?" "Yes ; I seem to have heard the name somewhere." "That is very likely, Signor, for she has been making quite a name for her- self in America." "Ah ! thank you, Bernardino, I will stay and listen to her." Having ordered myself another coffee, I awaited the turn of this new soprano ; there were still a good many people stay- ing over their wine, for the hour was not late for those who frequented this restaurant, diners here preferring to stay and listen to the band and the singing rather than to hurry off to the theatre. Presently the orchestra played an im- promptu overture of a few bars to Tosti's "Vorrei," and I saw from my programme that Mademoiselle Cecile was to sing it. Changing my position in order to get a better view, I saw that the new-comer was a most beautiful young woman. Tall, fair, bearing her- self with a natural yet regial grace, her sweet face and perfect figure were alone sufficient to cause the conversation to instantly stop and all eyes to be turned to the small platform at the end of the dining-room. But if the face and figure of the singer thus commanded attention, her voice did even more. Rarely have I heard such sweet tones rise from any throat, and the pathos with which she sang the beautiful English translation of Marzial's, seemed to strike a respond- ent cord in the heart of each of her audience. It was not until the end of the second verse that I seemed to realize that here was a singer who was voicing the burden of her soul, for her emotion was plainly visible as she sang the words : "But just once to forget that word was spoken, That left two lives for ever lost and broken. But once to enter there when nis'ht is falling. In the old sweet way, just coming- at your calling, And. like an angel bending down above you, To breathe against your ear, "I love, I love you." The applause which greeted her was as spontaneous as it was unusual, but 32 ^V E S T W A R D HO! :A[ A G A Z I ^^ E. there could be no doubt that she had won all hearts by her sympathetic and cultured rendering of this sweet sonnet. It was then a strange thing happened, for, notwithstanding the enthusiasm of her audience, Alademoiselle Cecile seemed entirely oblivious of it and stood as one in a trance staring straight across at Mr. Ricardo's table. Her face at first was devoid of ex- pression, but almost instantly changed to one lit up by the coming of some long hoped for joy, and, without taking her eyes from the object of her attrac- tion, she quickly left the platform and hastened to his side. Mr. Richardo was himself as much agitated as Mademoiselle Cecile, for when I turned to see him he was stand- ing with one hand on the table and the other clutching the back of his chair ; his head was thrown up slightly while the expression of his face was wonder- ful to look at ; it was as though the hand of Time had been rolled back and the hopefulness of youth again restored to this lone soul ; the eyes were wide open and sparkled with the fire of great emo- tion, while the slightly parted lips spoke only too eloquently of the intensity of his feelings. Even as Mademoiselle Cecile ap- proached the table I saw that the ine- vitable reaction had set in, for his face turned a ghastly white and though he made a supreme effort to hold out his hands and clasp those of Mademoiselle, the endeavour was not realised, and had it not been for the arms of his com- panion, he would have fallen heavily to the floor. Bernardino hastily ran for- ward and between them the poor fellow was assisted to the couch in the waiting room. The whole scene took place in a shorter time than it has taken to describe and, in a few moments, Bernardino returned and came to my table. In answer to my enquiries as to the condition of Mr. Ricardo. the good fellow, whose eyes were full of tears, replied : "Aih ! Signer, he will never come and dine here alone again, for Madame has indeed, at last, returned." Those who say they will forgive, but can't forget, an injury, simply bury the hatchet, while they leave the handle out, ready for immediate use.— Dwight L. Moody. * * * The greatness of those things which follow death makes all that goes before it sink into nothing. — William Law. * * * The best qualities of mind and character— courage, sympathy, self- mastery— have been forged on the hard anvil of distress. * * * We may perform lowliest ministries from the highest motives. * * * You will find that the mere resolve not to be useless, and the honest desire to help other people, will, in the quickest and deHcatest ways, improve yourself. — John Ruskin. * * * An old colored preacher was asked to define Christian perseverance. He answered, " It means, firstly, to take hold; secondly, to hold on; thirdly and lastly, to nebber leave go." J. M. BARRIE. By William Blakemore. ONE Wednesday afternoon in the Spring of 1893, having con- cluded my ordinary business, I strolled into the new Law Courts, to hear the final stages of a cause celebre. The presiding judge was Sir Francis Jeune, and the suit that of the notorious actress Florence St. John against her husband, best known as M. Marius. The day was exceedingly hot, the court-room packed and several hundred disappointed suppliants for admission lined the corridors. The case was doubly •attractive by reason of the public interest in two such well-known theatrical char- acters and their marital differences, and because Sir Charles Russell appeared on the one side, and Mr. C. F. Gill on the other. This was just about the time that the latter achieved fame by proving himself to be the most formidable opponent of the great cross-examiner, and indeed the only man who had stood up to him and resolutely refused to be cowed by his terrific onslaughts. I had never before seen Mr. Gill, but was deeply impressed with his conduct of the case and with the subtlety and penetration of his cross- examination. I think all the spectators were satisfied that on this important oc- casion honours were easy. In any event Miss St. John failed to procure a decree of divorce, and the manner in which Mr. Gill, who appeared for M. Marius, ex- posed the worldliness, indifference and absolute unreliability of the actress' prin- cipal witnesses will not readily be for- gotten by those who witnessed it. I have said that the court was packed, and indeed only the keenest interest in the proceedings would have induced any- one to have remained there for a mo- ment. The air was hot and stifling ; it was impossible to stand or sit without the discomfort of being crushed, and the slightest movement or noise provoked from the austere usher the petulant and peremptory cry "Silence in Court." I managed to secure a seat at the table of the Junior Counsel, a circum- stance on which I congratulated myself until I found that I was constantly push- ing or being pushed by a diminutive man who sat on my left. Half a glance suf- ficed to show that he was not even a "limb of the law," and that he had no more prescriptive right to his position than I had. As he was seated there first he seemed to think that he had a prior claim not only to his seat but to some measure of comfort in its occupancy, a proposition to which I constantly de- murred. It was not until, in a more or less resentful manner I had glanced at him three or four times, that I began to be haunted with the impression that he was not altogether a stranger to me. I think if I had seen him full-faced I should at once have recognized him from his resemblance to the photographs which I had seen in the shop windows. 34 WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE. It was after a harder squeeze than usual that I mentally resolved to change my position, even if it meant losing a seat; so with a vow and a muttered "I beg your pardon," I began to rise. At that moment he turned round and I had a good look at him. Recognition was instantaneous, and in no mere conven- tional manner I whispered, "I really do beg }'our pardon. Mr. Barrie ; I am so sorry to have inconvenienced you." He barely noticed my remark and kept his seat ; I stood behind and so remained until the end of the case. When the crowd filed out. of the Court House, I thought it was too good an opportunity of interviewing the celebrated author to be missed, and just as I had resolved to speak he touched me on the shoulder and said very quietly, and even gently, "I am afraid that I was rather incon- siderate, but the truth is I was so inter- ested in the case that I felt annoyed at anything that distracted my attention." Thus the ice was broken and we ad- journed to the refreshment room in the corridor where we had a long chat, and commenced an acquaintance, which, while never intimate, led to many pleas- ant re-unions and on my part some in- sight into the character and personality of one whom I hold to be in the foremost rank of living writers. My first surprise was at the appear- ance of Mr. Barrie. He is a very small man. smaller, I think, than Hall Caine, to wh(jm however he is the very anti- podes in manner and appearance. He has no tricks, no mannerisms, no "side" and no self-consciousness; he is quiet, unob- tnisive. reserved and gentle. There is something at once boyish and feminine about him ; the former is suggested by the round face, neat compact features and small figure ; the latter by a certain modesty amounting almost to bashful- ncss. a (|uietness and a far-away look in the eyes, which always seem to be dream- ing of that which is distant. At the time of which I am writing Mr. Barrie's fame rested chiefly upon what must still be regarded as his magnum opus. "A Window in Thrums," but since then the traits of his character which I then sus- pected, and to which T have referred have been more truly exemjjlified in "Mar- garet Ogilvie" and the inimitable "Little White Bird." Mr. Barrie's personality is a charming one. It is true he has turned aside from his first love, and has entertained half the world with dramatic works which have not been surpassed in merit or at- tractiveness by those of any living writer, but the fineness of his character still finds its manifestation in imaginative litera- ture, of which the key-note is pure pathos. It is certain that he is the only writer who could have produced either of the three works I have mentioned. No other possesses in so pre-eminent degree the necessary equipment of lofty idea, ima- gination, insight and sympathy. It is not too much to say that Barrie has recon- ciled the world of literature to modern Scotch writers, whose vagaries and idiosyncrascies are forgiven for his sake. Unlike other successful writers Mr. Barrie has not attempted to do too much ; he has found his mental recreation in variety, and in this way his dramatic work has furnished the necessary foil to his purely literary productions. Like Kipling he is the author of one novel, and of only one. It is difficult to compare works of a different class and probably according to the correct canons of criticism it is not permissible, still I am moved to say that while for dis- tinction of style, chastity of thought and a certain spirituality of atmosphere "Mar- garet Ovilgie" and "A Window in Thrums" will probably remain the most characteristic of Barrie's works, "A Little Minister" stands upon a higher literary plane, and will determine his position in the world of letters, unless in the years to come he gives us the great work for which we are looking and longing. We have to go back to Thackeray to find a chapter which for fine feeling, per- fect expression and exquisite conception will compare with the opening chapters of "The Little Minister," and taken as a whole I have no hesitation in saying that it is a book which has not yet come to its own. Public attention has been diverted from the merits of the book by the po])ularity of the play, but when the latter is forgotten people will return to the former and find hidden beauties THE DISAPPOINTMENT OF TOTEM. 35 which even yet have only been discovered by the few. Mr. Barrie is one of the few successful authors of the present day who has sac- rificed not one jot of his natural sim- plicity of manner and of living to the exigencies of the moment ; he cannot be spoilt by success, as he could never be extinguished by failure. He ftaried lif^ with a frail body, a big heart and a teem- ing brain. By their aid and the influ- ence of early training, of a Spartan- Puritan character, he has surmounted every difficulty and although sorrow visited his hearth and left it desolate, life has brought him many compensations, the chief of which is a charming and de- voted wife, who is at oiice the mainstay and the inspiration of his best work. The Disappointment of Totem, By Annie C. Dalton. IT was midnight, and the park was very quiet. A lovely moon shone through the trees and silvered the tiny ripples of the little stream that bubbled merrily along at the feet of the old Totem, who was leaning weary against his venerable cedar tree. The Honourable Totem felt very lonely. He had gone through an exciting day. Many people had walked through the park, and his striking personality had attracted an unusual amount of interest. The visitors were lively and indulged in many witti- cisms at his expense, and some noisy boys had even so far forgotten the re- spect due to his position, as to make him a target for peanuts, orange peel and .pebbles. This had wounded his feelings very much, for in spite of his terrible appearance, he was really very tender- hearted. He remembered the time when he was looked up to with reverence and awe ; when he was venerated not only as the god, but also as the esteemed ancestor of all the human beings, animals and plants of his particular clan. There his will was law, and thinking of all this departed glory, the Hon. Totem felt troubled, and was very, very sad. From his point of view, the few re- maining Indians, who lived near the Park, were a degenerate race, who had departed from the ancient faith of their forefathers, and rarely came to ofifer him that homage, which he felt he was en- titled to, considering his great age and the illustrious antiquity of his name. He was comfortably ensconced against the hole of a great shattered cedar which stood on a pretty bank, and the little stream which ran between his home and the public road, babbled day and night of old times, and was good company for him. Oh, yes ! he was comfortable enough, although he knew he was residing there simply through the courtesy of the pale- faces, who now ruled over the Indians and their country, and the knowledge fronkled a little sometimes in his other- wise contented mind. On this particular night he felt un- usually disturbed. He wanted to talk to some of his own people (about nothing in particular that he knew of) only he just felt lonely and in need of sympathy. The seals lived close by, but they were not very good friends of his. They mud- died the little brook very much, and he hated to have her molested. Not far away he knew the bears, the beaver, the wolves and the eagles, and perhaps many others of his relations were all sleeping soundly, and somehow he felt angry about it. He knew that they could not help themselves, that they were all snugly locked up by the keepers, but still he felt angry and irritable. 36 WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE. He thought they ought to be keeping him company in the long, silent hours of the night, when even the gay little brook- seemed to flow more quietly, and the wind sobbed and sighed through the trees most drearilv. He never slept, had never so much as winked an eyelash for a hun- dred years and why should they? He did not mind so much -when the wind shrieked and blustered in noisy gusts. He liked to hear the leaves rustling and the branches snapping, and to watch the shadows shudder and shiver in the long avenue. On a wild night it was a delight to him to see the heavy clouds scud past the moon, and when a real storm came, he was in his element, for the storm-spirits ' gathered round him, and whispered cheerv messages from his brother totems until he could have shrieked too, loud as the wind, for very joy. Years rolled on. but they never for- got him. these faraway spirits, and he felt angrier than ever with his nearest relations. Kinder thoughts came after a while. He remembered how short their present lives were compared to his own and a great yearning to see them all swept over him. It was years since any of them had been to visit him. Those who had not been captured or killed, had fled far. far over the blue mountains and he could not tell whether they were alive or not. He wondered how those, near to him, bore the indignity of imprisonment, for in the glorious days of old. the spirits in animals, trees, and plants were free to come and go as they chose, subject only to his will. Pondering thus he began to wonder why he never now exerted his old auth- ority. Looking back through so manv lonely years, it seemed a strange thing that he had allowed his ancient power to lie dormant for so long a time. Why .should he not again call around him the old. familiar spirits? He thought the matter over for some time before he asked the little brook's advice. The brook, of course, was de- lighted with the idea. She was a cheerv optimist, and believed in getting all the good out of life, that it was possible to get with a due regard for the welfare and feelings of others, so after much deliberation it was decided to hold the first reception of the spiritual relatives, of the Hon. Totem the very next night, when the moon would be at the full. Had the keeper walked abroad the fol- lowing evening, about midnight, he would have been astonished to see some of his charges leaving their cages, in defiance of strict rules and padlocks, and trotting gaily down the avenue in the direction of Coal Harbour. First came the beaver, a little later the bear, getting over the ground in fine style, in spite of his clumsy gait ; then the wolf, slinking swiftly along, and keeping well in the shadow of the cedars. The eagle set forth last of all, but arrived first by virtue of his powerful wings. They all reached the rendez- vous within a few seconds of each other and sat down in a row, opposite the Hon. Totem, without further ceremony, the brook bustling briskly about be- tween them, and making a great deal of unnecessary noise in order to cover the emotion of the Hon. Totem, who was quite overcome, and afifected almost to tears, at the sight of his dear old friends, who, to speak the honest truth, were rather disappointing, and unconcerned. Indeed, the funniest part of the whole afifair was that not one of them seemed in the least surprised, or disturbed, at being drawn out of a warm bed to a midnight conference in the shadowy woods. Their self-possession materially assist- ed the Hon. Totem to regain his own. He would have extended the hand of fellowship, had he possessed one ; as it was his poor, w^ooden, weather-beaten face, expanded and contracted in an alarming series of automatic or totematic smiles of delight. Then followed the administration of several mysterious rites, which so inter- ested the brook that she almost forgot to flow, and the seals, close by, ran in danger of being seriously inconvenienced, for they lived in a dam higher up, sur- rejititiously stolen from the happy-go- lucky brook. The Hon. Totem then proceeded to air his grievance and complained bitterly of the peccadilloes of his afternoon visitors. Brother Wolf cordially sympathized with him. He said that some of the re- THE DISAPPOII^TME]^T OF TOTEM. 37 marks that were passed upon himself were most insulting, and now and then some "lady" would even give a little shriek and shudder (if he ventured to air his teeth) for all the world as if he were a bloodthirsty monster, instead of the respectable and highly civilized cre- ature that he really was. As for the boys : — Ah, said Bro. Bear gruffly, if the world was only made up of little girls — but boys — ugh ! "As for boys," repeated the wolf, crossly, "I was going to say, I like boys — they've got some grit, though they are not so good to eat as little girls. I well remember," he continued, dreamily, "that my great grandfather got an aw- ful attack of indigestion after meeting a school boy. In fact, he died of the en- counter— ("and a good job too," whis- pered the Beaver to himself). We were on the trail at the time and so could not bury him with suitable honors, but when we returned that way, months after- wards, we found his skeleton, picked beautifully clean and inside, where his stomach had once existed was a little mound of marbles, a top, a jack-knife, chalk, a mouth-organ, a Jew's harp, pea- shooter, tin whistle, catapult and some string. After such a discovery my great grandfather's death still remained a sad, but scarcely a mysterious, catastrophe. As r said before, boys have grit — in their pockets especially." The little brook did not much care for the wolf's anecdote — it sounded bloodthirsty, and she privately hoped he would not come to quench his thirst in her limpid ripples before the meeting was over. His fangs glistened so terribly in the moonlight that she did not fancy him at all at close quarters, so she said very tartly: "No one but a Wolf would have the heart and the stomach to eat little children. I just love them. A dear little girl came by the other day. She had on a huge pink bonnet and her tiny face seemed to look out of the heart of a rose. The bonnet was very pretty, but a feast of sweetness and loveliness lay far down in its rosy recesses, in the soft, deep down eyes, fresh, rosy lips and velvet-dimpled cheeks. Such a shy, sweet smile she had, too; I heard her nurse call her Dorothy. After a while, the nurse lifted her up and put her carefully on the rail of the little bridge. There she sat with her feet dangling far above me. She looked down at me with great, solemn eyes, then she folded her hands on her lap, and said : "Little brook, how I love you ! What a pretty song you are singing. Can't you wait just a minute, till I sing you a song my mother has taught me. Then she sang in such a sweet, bright, little voice : WiUow! Willow! Pussy-willow! Are you not the fairies pillow — Smooth as silk, And soft as down, Peeping from your calyx brown? Bluebell, bluebell, Bonny bluebell! Now I think the fairies do dwell In your tiny Bells at night. Peeping', creeping out of sight. Robin, robin. Loving robin. When the wood-babes lone were sobbing. Did the fairies Share your grief. As you brought each tiny leaf? Daisy, daisy. Sleepy daisy. When you. in the twilight hazy. Shut up tightly. Do the sprightly Fairies wake you with their glee? Swallow, swallow. Darting swallow, Do the fairies lightly follow. When you fly From winter's frown To some balmy southern town. Fairy, fairy. Tiresome fairy. Do you live in tree-tops airy? Do please tell A little girl. Where you fairies all do dwell? The brook finished her speech and song with a bubble of satisfaction and everybody applauded — even the wolf, al- though he secretly thought verse-making and verse-reciting a sheer waste of time. Poetry was all very well in its way, and quite good enough for some people's dessert, but give him the prose of life — a rattling good dinner and lots of liberty and Here he stopped his ruminating to remark fretfully, "By the way, can nothing be suggested by the members of this meeting as to ways and means of my getting a more com- , modious cage. "Why," said the Eagle, speaking for the first time, "you are not nearly so bad- 38 WESTWARD HO! M A G A Z I X E. ly off as your brother Wolf. He just spends all his days in jumping off and on a wooden bench in the tiniest cage I ever saw." "Well, it's bad enough anyway," said the Wolf sulkily. "You've got lots of room. Tm told, and as for the Bear — he lives in a palace nowadays." As if that wasn't enough." he continued, bit- terly ; "he's got to have ottomans to sit on, and a bath to sit in. He'll be think- ing next that he lives at the Zoo." The Hon. Totem looked apprehen- sively across at the Bear, whose temper was a trifle uncertain at times, but the hide of that happy individual was so thick that the sarcasm of the Wolf was completely wasted upon it, and the Beaver created a diversion by remarking that he had just received a letter from a cousin in the Zoo, who had a real palace for himself and his family. "I am very comfortable here in the Park," he said plaintively, "but I must confess it is a trifle upsetting to hear of cousin's good fortune ; it makes him rather patron- izing too." Here the Eagle flapped his wings im- patiently and said that if all their time was to be taken up with grumbling thev might just as well have stopped in their beds. As for the Beaver . But here came an interruption from under the bridge apparently. A hoarse voice called out, "Aho\-, there! Who said Beaver?" The startled brethren sat terror-stricken for a minute, mutely appealing with their eyes to the Hon. Totem for protec- tion. Then the owner of the voice peered out of the dusky shadows of the bridge. As his gaunt, ghostly face came into view and shone in the moonlight, he suddenly gave a wild whoop and shook a b(Miy fist at the spellbound creatures. This was too much. With a piercing shriek the Eagle flapped heavilv awav ; the bear lurched over the fence' and lit- erally tumbled out of sight ; the Wolf bounded through the avenue and was in his den in no time, his teeth chattering and his hair bristling with terror. As for the Beaver his fright, for the time, totally deprived him of his senses. Some- 'how. he got across the brook and at- tempted a wild dash for freedom through the legs of the Hon. Totem. Finding neither entrance nor exit from he knew not what, he commenced fran- tically to gnaw at the toes of the un- fortunate Hon. Totem, whose pain and helplessness were pitiable to see. He shrieked, wailed and threatened, all to no avail. The brook joined in the chorus and scolded and splashed till she was breathless. Some crows who were fast asleep in their nest in the trees overhead, took off their nightcaps and got up to see what was the matter. Their excite- ment knew no bounds and their hoarse cries added to the confusion and din, but did little good, until it occurred to their wise little heads to organize a com- bined attack upon the Beaver, of all the beaks and claws in their colony. This proved highly successful, and poor Bro. Beaver made the best of his way home, battered and half blinded, and full of a virtuous resolution never, never again to transgress beyond the boundary of his legitimate domain. Meanwhile the mis- chievous author of all this confusion stood rather shame-facedly, while the poor old Totem with tears streaming down his face, heaped upon his head the most scathing reproaches. He was a shambling, seafaring man, dressed in the fashion of years ago and with a strange- ly battered and unreal appearance about him, but the most curious thing of all was. that when the moon shone in her fullest splendour, he seemed quite trans- parent, and one could see the objects on the farther side of him, quite clearly through his body. He listened submissively to the Hon. Totem, for some time. Finally he said, "Oh, well. Come now, old boy, • let's make up and be friends again. Many's the jokes we've cracked together these many years, and the yarns we've spun too." But the Hon. Totem was highly offended and would have none of hijn ; so at last he wandered down to the Beaver boat, where he sat on the gun- wale and chewed, grumbled and chuckled by turns for a long, long time. Then he gradually faded away into a thin mist — a puff of wind — and he was gone. The moon took it into her head to retire also, and the poor old Totem was left in darkness, bitter tears of pain and morti- fication rolling down his cheeks, and drop])ing into the svmpathetic bosom of this faithful little brook. FRUIT growing in British Columbia, like the climatic and soil condi- tions in its various districts, is so diversified in character and of such importance that it is hardly possible to do the industry anything like justice in the space at our command, and when the reader has perused this article to the end, he must bear in mind that 'there still remains much to be said on the subject. A historical sketch would be of interest to many, but the wants of intending settlers or investors may be better served by a general outline of the present con- ditions and prospects of the industry. Although it is only sixteen years since the first full carload of fruit was shipped out of British Columbia, progress has been fairly rapid and people are now beginning to realize something of its possibilities as a fruit-growing province. In the season of 1904, the fruit crop of British Columbia was valued at $600,000 and the area under cultivation estimated at 14,000 acres. In 1905 the area under fruit had been increased to 20,000 acres, and the total revenue derived therefrom was nearly one million dollars. In the same year something like $500,000 was expended in the purchase and improvement of fruit lands and the average price received for grade No. i apples from October i, 1905, to March 31, 1906, was $1.27 per 40-lb. box, f.o.b. shipping point. The early varieties started out at $1 net, and dur- ing the latter part of February and March as high as $2 per box was being paid for strictly No. i in carload lots. The average prices of other fruits for the season of 1905 were: Pears, $1.38 per 40-lb. box ; prunes and plums, 75 cents per 20-lb. box; peaches, $1.15 per 20-lb. box : strawberries, $2.30 per 24 basket crate; raspberries, $2.19 per 24 basket crate ; blackberries, $2.40 per 24 basket crate ; gooseberries, 5 1-2 cents per lb. ; crab apples, 21-2 cents per lb. ; toma- toes, 51-2 cents per lb. ; currants, 7 cents per lb. ; cherries, 9 cents per lb. Outside of the quantities consumed in our own cities the chief market for British Columbia fruit is the prairie provinces ; a market which will always demand the best that the fruit-grower can produce and in ever-increasing quan- tities, so that British Columbia need have no fear, no matter how rapidly the industry develops, of an over-production of good, clean commercial varieties. The Province is most favourably situated, in being contiguous to the great plains of the middle west, where fruit-growing on a commercial basis is not likely ever to be a success. That territory is sure to increase rapidly in population and the consimiption of fruit will be enormous. It is a curious fact that the average family on the praisies consumes more frut than do those of British Columbia 40 WESTWAKD HO! MAGAZINE. and it is quite natural, also, to expect that as the farmesr of Alberta, Saskat- chewan and Manitoba succeed, within a comparatively few years, in laying by sufficient to keep them in comfort for the rest of their lives, they should look to British Columbia, with its congenial climate, magnificent scenery and tremen- dous, unexplored and undeveloped na- tural resources, as a place in which to spend their declining years. There is little need for this Province to spend money in trying to induce im- migrants from other countries to come here and settle. The best immigration work that British Columbia can do is to develop the fruit-growing industry and to send large quantities of first-class fruit properly grown, harvested, packed and shipped into the great grain country east of the Rocky Mountains. This will ju- diciously advertise the Province and bring our own people here as soon as they become tired of the more, rigorous cli- mate of the prairies. The topography of the country from the standpoint of the fruit-grower may be better understood by a reference to the map which accompanies this article. The geological formations and climatic conditions render it necessary to divide the fruit-growing area of the Province into nine general divisions. No. I might be called the southwestern coast district, which includes the southern half of Vancouver Island, adjacent islands, and what is usually called the lower mainland. Here the production of small fruits may be said to be more suc- cessful, and consequently more profit- able, than that of the tree fruits. Never- theless, there are a number of very ex- cellent varieties of apples, pears, plums, prunes and cherries which grow to per- fection in this district, besides many dif- ferent varieties of nuts, and, in especially favored spots, peaches, grapes, nectar- ines, apricots and other tender fruits. In most parts of this district the mild character of the climate and the exces- sive moi.sture during the winter season are very favourable to the development of fungous diseases, and it is therefore necessary to practice persistent and sys- tematic spraying of tlie orchards, clean cultivation of the soil, and a thorough system of under-drainage in order to get the most profitable results. District No. 2 includes the valleys of the Upper Fraser, as far north as the fifty-second parallel, the main Thomp- son, the North Thompson, the Nicola and Bonaparte Rivers. Here there are practically none of the above-named difficulties to contend with, but the ques- tion of water to irrigate the lands is one requiring serious consideration, as with- out an abundant supply of water in the "dry belt" it is impossible to be sure of a crop every year. The prospective fruit-grower, however, does not have to contend wtli the heavy forest-, along these rivers that have to be ;nco 1 itered on the coAst. The fruits grown are of the very highest quality and include all the varieties mentioned in connection with district No. i. One of the largest vineyards in the Province is located near the junction of the Fraser and Thompson Rivers. District No. 3 may be briefly described as the valleys oi the Sini.ilkameen and its tributaries, portions of which are perhaps the most tropical of any part of British Columbia, and most favourable locations for the cultivation of grapes, peaches aod other delicate fruits, wher- ever sufficient water for irrigation pur- poses is available. No. 4 includes the districts surround- ing Adams, Shuswap and Mabel Lakes and the valley of the Spallumcheen River. Here the natural rainfall is sufficient and splendid apples, pears, plums and cherries are successfully grown. The climatic conditions in this district resemble very much those of southern Ontario, and a fruit-grower with fixed ideas from the latter province might be more successful in this district than he would on irrigated lands. The timber is, generally speaking, light and the land rich. No. 5 is the great Okanagan valley, stretching from Larkin southward to the international boundary. The vicinity of Kelowna in this valley contains the largest area of fruit lands of anv one place in the Province. Peaches are now being shipped in large quantities from the Okanagan, and all other northern fruits are successfully grown by the irrigation system. Improved modern 42 WESTWARD HOI M A G A Z I X E. methods are in 2:eneral use by the fruit- growers in this district and the industry is perhaps more advanced than in any other part of British Cohimbia. No. 6 is usually called the Boundary or Kettle River country, and although the smallest of all the districts named, the quality of the land is excellent and the climatic conditions all that could be desired. Where a sufficient water supply is obtainable, there is no trouble in pro- ducing fruit of the highest quality. No. 7 is \\'est Kootenay, an enormous fruit-growing district, where only a little progress has been made on the southern portion, but sufficient to indicate the pos- sibilities and the superior quality of the fruit which may be raised along those lakes and streams. The neighbourhood of Nelson and Kaslo has accomplished wonders in the past few years, but the shores of the Arrow lakes are practically untouched by the hand of the fruit- grower, and the valley of the Columbia, from the Big Bend south to Arrowhead, affords opportunities little dreamed of by many of those in search of fruit lands. In the greater part of this district, irriga- tion is only necessary in the very dry seasons. District No. 8 is the country known as East Kootenay and is separated from No. 7 bv a range of mountains. It is traversed by the Upper Kootenay River from the fifty-first degree of north lati- tude southward to the international boundarv, and from Columbia and Wind- ermere Lakes northward by the Upper Columbia River, to the Big Bend. In the southern portion of this district there arc immense stretches of thinly-wooded lands suitable for fruit-growing purposes, and the valley of the Upper Columbia has manv choice locations for the enter- prising fruit-grower. The lack of trans- portation facilities is a great hindrance to the development of the fruit lands of the I'ppcr Columbia. District No. 9 comprises the vast coast region including the Queen Char- lotte Islands and the northern half of Vancouver Island, from lervis Inlet to Portland Cannl. There is little known of its capabilities, but undoubtedlv it has a few surprises in store for the fu- ture. Though in small quantities as vet, apjjles, ])eaches and graj)es have been successfully grown on the Skeena River. The first apple trees were planted at Hazleton in the spring of 1901 and fruited in the fall of 1904. For a considerable distance inland from the west coast, there are numerous valleys and plateaus, which are well adapted to growing many of the hardier varieties, though fewer in number than those capable of being developed in the first-named district. Notwithstanding the conditions and adaptabilities which may be in a general way characteristic of the large districts above mentioned, there are always pecu- liarities of soil and climate, soil moisture, atmospheric currents, "etc., which must be taken into consideration, and intel- ligently utilized by the individual settler when choosing varieties to plant or de- ciding on methods of cultivation. That the supply of water from moun- tain streams for irrigation purposes is limited, should always be borne in mind and in those portions of the Province where irrigation is necessary, the pros- pective settler or investor should be ex- ceedingly careful that a proper supply of water is obtainable, and that he se- cures a legal right to use it, when pur- chasing fruit lands. There are many of the so-called dry districts where the soil moisture, with proper cultivation, is quite sufficient to produce a full crop in an ordinary year, but there comes periodi- cally, the extraordinary year when, with- out an artificial supply of water at the critical time, the whole crop may be lost. In the arid districts, it should be seen to that the right to a sufficient supply of irrigation water is obtained, whether needed every year or not. There are immense fertile tablelands along the Thompson, Columbia, Koot- enay and Similkameen Rivers and the Kamloops, Okanagan, Upper and Lower Arrow and Kootenay Lakes, which can not be irrigated from the available moun- tain streams, but it may safely be pre- dicted that -some dav in the not distant future, a genius will arise who will in- vent a comparativelv cheap method of pumping the water from these large res- ervoirs up to the higher levels, and who then will venture to estimate the quan- titv of rare and luscious fruits wl'wch this Province may be capable of produ'c- EEVEKEN^CE. 43 ing, or the gratitude that future genera- tions will lavish on the memory of the man who shall make the cultivation of these beautiful plateaus possible? Then will the glittering Okanagan Lake be- come a magnificent water highway, through the midst of densely populated stretches of orchard lands. On either shore will be one continuous line of superb villa homes, and all up and down those scenic galleries of luxurious gar- dens will dwell the kings and queens of husbandry in the happy performance of the first duties allotted to mankind. By establishing high standards and the practice of high ideals, both in the quality of their products and business methods the fruit-growers of British Co- lumbia should have a large share in building up the commercial character of the Province which, like the golden beams of the summer twilight, shall shed its benign influence eastward over the sfreat Dominion of Canada. Reverence* By Amicus. "Let more of reverence in you dwell." IT will not be disputed by any thought- ful observer that one of the most characteristic features of society in the New World is lack of reverence. This is especially noticeable among young people, and lies at the root of some of the most serious evils which confront society today. Xot only do the sanctity of home life and the sincerity of all true religion de- pend upon the maintenance of this fea- ture, but patriotism in all its forms, whether of inspired heroism or loyal obe- dience to law springs from it. The law- breaker, the disturber of the public peace, the subverter of order, the laggard in the day of battle may all be traced to the youth who fails to honour his coun- try because he did not honour his father and mother. Time was when one of the most im- portant functions of school life was the inculcation of reverence for those stand- ing in superior relationship, and those whose age or position entitled them na- turally to the respect and deference* due from youth. Thirtv or forty years ago the punishment for a breach of this un- written law was more severe than for that of many of the catalogued crimes. Its observance went hand in hand with the bow, the doffing of the hat and the "Sir" without which no well-bred, or well-trained boy ventured to address an elder. Although there is an old-world ring about the sentence, the attitude of youth towards age and authority was well expressed in the words of the Cate- chism which enjoined obedience and the ordering of one's self "lowly and rever- ently to all one's betters." I have yet to learn that society is any better or the world the gainer because now-a-days this injunction is more hon- oured in the breach than the observance. Certain it is that on the American con- tinent it is a rare occurrence to meet a boy who even in the remotest manner suggests any acquaintance with his duty in this respect. The precocity, self-as- sertion and total disregard for others which are so painfully evident in the youth of the New World have come to be universally recognised as character- istics, and one is led to consider the cause of this development and its effect upon the individual, the social and the national life. The causes may be summed up as de- fective home training, unwise educational methods and the rapid acquisition of wealth. I am not sure that the latter is not mainly responsible because it lies at the root of parental neglect and par- 4 + WESTWARD HO! M A G A Z I X E. ental indifference to educational systems. The greatly increased earnings of all classes "have ' placed at the disposal of people incomes of which their fathers -never dreamed. Unprepared by their own experience and training to spend Avisely. parents have a tendency to extra- vagance and luxury. It is only natural that their children should share in this. All extravagances and luxuries are ener- vating to the moral fibre and tend to laxity. The first evidence of laxity in the household is love of ease and neglect of discipline. The avenues of amusement and enjoyirient have been so vastly in- creased that society has been revolution- ized ; the quietude of home life in which the finest character is developed has given place to excitement and lack of re- pose. This is even more hurtful to the children than to their parents. It tends to develop the idea of equality and to Ijridge the gulf which should ever sep- arate the exclusive habitudes of youth from those of adults. The boy who is allowed to witness, if not to participate in the dissipations of his elders can hard- ly be expected to retain respect for them or to cultivate reverence ; and yet unfor- tunately now-a-days such is not an un- usual occurrence. . Parents undoubtedly take less personal interest in the education of their chil-